Vitaceae Grapevine seeds Vitis viniferae semen Seeds The main active components are flavonoids, which include esters of gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin and their galloylated derivatives (e.g. (−)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate) and proanthocyanidins. Polyphenolic stilbene derivative, resveratrol, tocopherols and tocotrienols are also present (Gabetta et al. 2000; Nassiri-Asl and Hosseinzadeh 2009; Williamson et al. 2013). Extracts of grapeseed proanthocyanidins (GSP) are widely available and have been clinically studied; however, results are inconclusive. A placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study assessed the effect of daily intake of a wine-grape and grapeseed mix (6 capsules/day providing 800 mg of polyphenols expressed as gallic acid equivalents) on endothelial function and other cardiovascular health markers in healthy participants (n = 35; male) for 2 weeks. The grape polyphenols did not improve endothelial function (non-invasive flow-mediated dilation) and related cardiovascular health markers such as blood pressure, platelet function and serum lipids, but further studies are needed in populations with increased cardiovascular risk (van Mierlo et al. 2010).
Grapeseed
Vitis vinifera L.
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