Upper limb

Upper limb

A

surface anatomy
B

muscles
C

bones

1

Arm
2

Deltoid
3

Elbow joint
4

Forearm
5

Hand
6

Interphalangeal joint
7

Scapula
8

Shoulder joint
9

Wrist joint

Left scapula

A

dorsal surface
B

costal surface

1

Acromial angle
2

Acromion
3

Coracoid process
4

Inferior angle
5

Infraspinous fossa
6

Lateral border
7

Margin of glenoid cavity
8

Medial border
9

Neck (and spinoglenoid notch on dorsal surface)
10

Spine
11

Subscapular fossa
12

Superior angle
13

Superior border
14

Suprascapular notch
15

Supraspinous fossa

The spine (A10) of the scapula projects from its dorsal surface with the acromion (A2) at the lateral end of the spine.

Left scapula

attachments
- A
  
  dorsal surface
- B
  
  costal surface

Blue lines, epiphysial lines (physis); green lines, capsular attachments of shoulder joint; pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Conoid ligament of coracoclavicular ligament
2

Coracoacromial ligament
3

Coracobrachialis and short head of biceps
4

Deltoid
5

Inferior belly of omohyoid
6

Infraspinatus
7

Latissimus dorsi
8

Levator scapulae
9

Long head of triceps
10

Pectoralis minor
11

Rhomboid major
12

Rhomboid minor
13

Serratus anterior
14

Subscapularis
15

Superior transverse scapular ligament
16

Supraspinatus
17

Teres major
18

Teres minor and intervening groove for circumflex scapular artery
19

Trapezius
20

Trapezoid ligament of coracoclavicular ligament

The suprascapular notch is bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament (15).

The conoid (1) and trapezoid (20) ligaments together form the coracoclavicular ligament, which attaches the coracoid process of the scapula to the under-surface of the lateral end of the clavicle.

The coracoacromial ligament (2) passes between the coracoid process and the acromion, forming with these bony processes an arch above the shoulder joint.

A

Left scapula

from the lateral side

1

Acromion
2

Coracoid process
3

Glenoid cavity
4

Inferior angle
5

Infraglenoid tubercle
6

Infraspinous fossa
7

Lateral border
8

Spine
9

Supraglenoid tubercle
10

Supraspinous fossa

B

Left scapula and clavicle

articulation, from above

1

Acromial end of clavicle
2

Acromioclavicular joint
3

Acromion
4

Coracoid process
5

Shaft of clavicle
6

Spine of scapula
7

Sternal end of clavicle
8

Supraspinous fossa

C

Left clavicle

from below

1

Acromial end with articular surface (arrow)
2

Conoid tubercle
3

Groove for subclavius muscle
4

Impression for costoclavicular ligament
5

Sternal end with articular surface (arrow)
6

Trapezoid line

The sternal end of the clavicle (B7, C5) is bulbous; the acromial end (B1, C1) is flattened. The shaft is convex towards the front in its medial two-thirds, and the groove for the subclavius muscle is on the inferior surface (C3).

A

Left scapula

attachments, from the lateral side

Blue lines, epiphysial lines (physis); green lines, capsular attachments of shoulder joint; pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Coracoacromial ligament
2

Coracobrachialis and short head of biceps
3

Coracohumeral ligament
4

Deltoid
5

Infraspinatus
6

Long head of biceps
7

Long head of triceps
8

Serratus anterior
9

Subscapularis
10

Teres major
11

Teres minor (with intervening groove for circumflex scapular artery)

B

Left scapula and clavicle

articulation, from above

Blue lines, epiphysial lines (physis); green lines, capsular attachments of sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints; pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Coracoacromial ligament
2

Coracobrachialis and short head of biceps
3

Deltoid
4

Inferior belly of omohyoid
5

Levator scapulae
6

Pectoralis major
7

Sternocleidomastoid
8

Superior transverse scapular ligament
9

Supraspinatus
10

Trapezius

C

Left clavicle

attachments, from below

Blue lines, epiphysial lines (physis); green lines, capsular attachments of sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints; pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Conoid ligament
2

Costoclavicular ligament
3

Deltoid
4

Pectoralis major
5

Sternohyoid
6

Subclavius and clavipectoral fascia
7

Trapezius
8

Trapezoid ligament

Right humerus

upper end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from the medial side
- D
  
  from the lateral side
- E
  
  from above

1

Anatomical neck
2

Deltoid tuberosity
3

Greater tubercle
4

Groove for radial nerve
5

Head
6

Intertubercular groove
7

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove
8

Lesser tubercle
9

Medial lip of intertubercular groove
10

Surgical neck

The intertubercular (bicipital) groove (A6) is on the front of the upper end and is occupied by the tendon of the long head of biceps. (For attachments see page 121 .)

Right humerus

attachments, upper end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from the medial side
- D
  
  from the lateral side
- E
  
  from above

Blue lines, epiphysial lines (physis); green lines, capsular attachment of shoulder joint

1

Brachialis
2

Coracobrachialis
3

Deltoid
4

Infraspinatus
5

Lateral head of triceps
6

Latissimus dorsi
7

Medial head of triceps
8

Pectoralis major
9

Subscapularis
10

Supraspinatus
11

Teres major
12

Teres minor

Intraosseous vascular access

Deltoid is attached to the V-shaped deltoid tuberosity (A3 and D3) on the lateral surface of the middle of the shaft.

Coracobrachialis is attached to the medial surface of the middle of the shaft (C2) (opposite the deltoid tuberosity).

Note the relative positions of the epiphysial and capsular lines: the epiphysis is partly intracapsular and partly extracapsular at the upper end of the humerus.

Right humerus

lower end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from below
- D
  
  from the medial side
- E
  
  from the lateral side

1

Anterior surface
2

Capitulum
3

Coronoid fossa
4

Lateral edge of capitulum
5

Lateral epicondyle
6

Lateral supracondylar ridge
7

Medial epicondyle
8

Medial supracondylar ridge
9

Medial surface of trochlea
10

Olecranon fossa
11

Posterior surface
12

Radial fossa
13

Trochlea

The medial epicondyle (7) is more prominent than the lateral (5).

The medial part of the trochlea (13) is more prominent than the lateral part.

The olecranon fossa (10) on the posterior surface is deeper than the radial and coronoid fossae on the anterior surface (12 and 3).

Right humerus

attachments, lower end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from below
- D
  
  from the medial side
- E
  
  from the lateral side

Blue lines, epiphysial lines (physis); green lines, capsular attachments of elbow joint

1

Anconeus
2

Brachialis
3

Brachioradialis
4

Common extensor origin
5

Common flexor origin
6

Coronoid fossa
7

Extensor carpi radialis longus
8

Medial head of triceps
9

Olecranon fossa
10

Pronator teres, humeral head
11

Radial fossa

Right radius

upper end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from the medial side
- D
  
  from the lateral side

1

Anterior border
2

Anterior oblique line
3

Anterior surface
4

Head
5

Interosseous border
6

Lateral surface
7

Neck
8

Posterior border
9

Posterior surface
10

Rough area for pronator teres
11

Tuberosity

Right radius

lower end
- E
  
  from the front
- F
  
  from behind
- G
  
  from the medial side
- H
  
  from the lateral side

1

Anterior surface
2

Dorsal tubercle
3

Groove for abductor pollicis longus
4

Groove for extensor carpi radialis brevis
5

Groove for extensor carpi radialis longus
6

Groove for extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
7

Groove for extensor pollicis brevis
8

Groove for extensor pollicis longus
9

Interosseous border
10

Lateral surface
11

Posterior surface
12

Styloid process
13

Ulnar notch

The lower end of the radius is concave anteriorly (at the lower label 1 in E), with the ulnar notch medially (G13) and the dorsal tubercle on the posterior surface (F2).

Right ulna

upper end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from the medial side
- D
  
  from the lateral side

1

Anterior border
2

Anterior surface
3

Coronoid process
4

Interosseous border
5

Medial surface
6

Olecranon
7

Posterior border
8

Posterior surface
9

Radial notch
10

Supinator crest
11

Trochlear notch
12

Tuberosity

The trochlear notch (11) faces forwards, with the radial notch (9) on the lateral side.

Right ulna

lower end
- E
  
  from the front
- F
  
  from behind
- G
  
  from the medial side
- H
  
  from the lateral side

1

Anterior surface
2

Groove for extensor carpi ulnaris
3

Head
4

Interosseous border
5

Medial surface
6

Posterior surface
7

Styloid process

A

Right radius and ulna

upper ends, from above and in front

1

Coronoid process of ulna
2

Head of radius
3

Neck of radius
4

Olecranon of ulna
5

Trochlear notch of ulna
6

Tuberosity of radius
7

Tuberosity of ulna

B

Right radius and ulna

lower ends, from below

1

Attachment of articular disc
2

Dorsal tubercle
3

Groove for extensor carpi radialis brevis
4

Groove for extensor carpi radialis longus
5

Groove for extensor carpi ulnaris
6

Groove for extensor digitorum and extensor indicis
7

Groove for extensor pollicis longus
8

Styloid process of radius
9

Styloid process of ulna
10

Surface for disc
11

Surface for lunate
12

Surface for scaphoid

Right humerus, radius and ulna

articulation
- C
  
  from the front
- D
  
  from behind

1

Capitulum of humerus
2

Coronoid process of ulna
3

Head of radius
4

Lateral epicondyle of humerus
5

Medial epicondyle of humerus
6

Olecranon of ulna
7

Radial notch of ulna
8

Trochlea of humerus

The elbow joint and the proximal radio-ulnar joint share a common synovial cavity.

Dislocation of the elbow

Right radius and ulna

attachments
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind

Blue lines, epiphysial lines (physis); green lines, capsular attachments of elbow and wrist joints

1

Abductor pollicis longus
2

Anconeus
3

Aponeurotic attachment of flexor digitorum profundus, flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris
4

Biceps
5

Brachialis
6

Brachioradialis
7

Extensor indicis
8

Extensor pollicis brevis
9

Extensor pollicis longus
10

Flexor digitorum profundus
11

Flexor digitorum superficialis, radial head
12

Flexor digitorum superficialis, ulnar head
13

Flexor pollicis longus
14

Pronator quadratus
15

Pronator teres, ulnar head
16

Pronator teres
17

Supinator
18

Triceps

Abductor pollicis longus (1) and extensor pollicis brevis (8) are the only two muscles to have an origin from the posterior surface of the radius (although both extend on to the interosseous membrane and the abductor also has an origin from the posterior surface of the ulna). These muscles remain companions as they wind round the lateral side of the radius ( page 161 ) and form the radial boundary of the anatomical snuffbox ( pages 162 and 176 ).

In the young subject, the radius sometimes fractures across the lower epiphysis following an injury to the wrist. In the adult the term “Colles’ fracture” ( page 129 ) refers to a transverse break across the lower radius within about 2.5 cm of the lower end of the bone. The ulnar styloid process is also often fractured.

Bones of the right hand

A

palmar surface
B

from the lateral side
C

hamate from the medial side
D

scaphoid, palmar surface

The scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and pisiform bones form the proximal row of carpal bones.

The trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate bones form the distal row of carpal bones.

The tubercle (33) and waist (35) are the non-articular parts of the scaphoid and therefore contain nutrient foramina. A fracture across the waist may therefore interfere with the blood supply of the proximal pole of the bone and lead to avascular necrosis (see page 173 ). The waist of the scaphoid lies in the anatomical snuffbox; the tubercle may be palpated in front of the radial boundary of the snuffbox.

1

Base of fifth metacarpal
2

Base of first metacarpal
3

Base of middle phalanx of middle finger
4

Base of proximal phalanx of ring finger
5

Capitate
6

Distal phalanx of ring finger
7

Distal phalanx of thumb
8

Groove for deep branch of ulnar nerve
9

Hamate
10

Head of fifth metacarpal
11

Head of first metacarpal
12

Head of middle phalanx of middle finger
13

Head of proximal phalanx of ring finger
14

Hook of hamate
15

Lunate
16

Palmar surface, hamate
17

Pisiform
18

Proximal phalanx of index finger
19

Proximal phalanx of little finger
20

Proximal phalanx of thumb
21

Scaphoid
22

Shaft of second metacarpal
23

Shaft of fifth metacarpal
24

Shaft of first metacarpal
25

Shaft of middle phalanx of middle finger
26

Shaft of proximal phalanx of ring finger
27

Surface for capitate
28

Surface for lunate
29

Surface for triquetral
30

Trapezium
31

Trapezoid
32

Triquetral
33

Tubercle of scaphoid
34

Tubercle of trapezium
35

Waist of scaphoid

Bones of the right hand

dorsal surface

1

Base of first metacarpal
2

Capitate
3

Distal phalanx of middle finger
4

Distal phalanx of thumb
5

Fifth metacarpal
6

Hamate
7

Head of first metacarpal
8

Lunate
9

Middle phalanx of middle finger
10

Proximal phalanx of middle finger
11

Proximal phalanx of thumb
12

Scaphoid
13

Shaft of first metacarpal
14

Styloid process of radius
15

Styloid process of ulna
16

Third metacarpal
17

Trapezium
18

Trapezoid
19

Triquetral

The wrist joint (properly called the radiocarpal joint) is the joint between (proximally) the lower end of the radius and the interarticular disc which holds the lower ends of the radius and the ulna together, and (distally) the scaphoid, lunate and triquetral bones.

The midcarpal joint is the joint between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones (see the note on pages 173 and 177 ).

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is the joint between the trapezium and the base of the first metacarpal.

Bones of the right hand

attachments
- A
  
  palmar surface
- B
  
  dorsal surface

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Abductor digiti minimi
2

Abductor pollicis brevis
3

Abductor pollicis longus
4

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
5

Extensor carpi radialis longus
6

Extensor carpi ulnaris
7

Extensor expansion
8

Extensor pollicis brevis
9

Extensor pollicis longus
10

First dorsal interosseous
11

First palmar interosseous
12

Flexor carpi radialis
13

Flexor carpi ulnaris
14

Flexor digiti minimi brevis
15

Flexor digitorum profundus
16

Flexor digitorum superficialis
17

Flexor pollicis brevis
18

Flexor pollicis longus
19

Fourth dorsal interosseous
20

Fourth palmar interosseous
21

Oblique head of adductor pollicis
22

Opponens digiti minimi
23

Opponens pollicis
24

Pisohamate ligament
25

Pisometacarpal ligament
26

Second dorsal interosseous
27

Second palmar interosseous
28

Third dorsal interosseous
29

Third palmar interosseous
30

Transverse head of adductor pollicis

The metacarpophalangeal joints are the joints between the heads of the metacarpals and the bases of the proximal phalanges.

The interphalangeal joints are the joints between the head of one phalanx and the base of the adjoining phalanx.

The pisiform is a sesamoid bone in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris and is anchored by the pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligaments (24 and 25).

Dorsal interossei arise from the sides of two adjacent metacarpal bones (as at 26, from the sides of the second and third metacarpals); palmar interossei arise only from the metacarpal of their own finger (as at 27, from the second metacarpal). Compare with dissection B on page 176 and note that when looking at the palm, parts of the dorsal interossei can be seen as well as the palmar interossei, but when looking at the dorsum of the hand (as on page 176 ) only dorsal interossei are seen.

Right upper limb bones

secondary centres of ossification
- A
  
  scapula, upper lateral part
- B
  
  clavicle, sternal end
- C D
  
  humerus, upper and lower ends
- E F
  
  radius, upper and lower ends
- G H
  
  ulna, upper and lower ends
- I
  
  first metacarpal and phalanges of thumb
- J
  
  second metacarpal and phalanges of index finger

Figures in years after birth, commencement of ossification → fusion. (P, puberty)

The first figure indicates the approximate date when ossification begins in the secondary centre, and the second figure (beyond the arrowhead) when the centre finally becomes fused with the rest of the bone. Single average dates have been given (both here and for the lower limb bone centres on pages 322 and 323 ) and although there may be considerable individual variations, the ‘growing end’ of the bone (when fusion occurs last) is constant. The dates in females are often a year or more earlier than in males.

Apart from the acromial, coracoid and subcoracoid centres illustrated (A), the scapula usually has other centres for the inferior angle, medial border, and the lower part of the rim of the glenoid cavity (all P → 20; see page 143 ).

The clavicle is the first bone in the body to start to ossify (fifth week of gestation). It ossifies in membrane, but the ends of the bone have a cartilaginous phase of ossification; a secondary centre appearing at the sternal end (B) unites with the body at about the 25th year.

The centre illustrated at the upper end of the humerus (C) is the result of the union at 6 years of centres for the head (1 year), greater tubercle (3 years) and lesser tubercle (5 years).

At the lower end of the humerus (D) the centres for the capitulum, trochlea and lateral epicondyle fuse together before uniting with the shaft.

All the phalanges (as in J), and the first metacarpal (I) have a secondary centre at their proximal ends; the other metacarpals (as in J) have one at their distal ends.

All the carpal bones are cartilaginous at birth and none has a secondary centre. The largest, the capitate, is the first to begin to ossify (in the second month after birth), followed in a month or so by the hamate, with the triquetral at 3 years, lunate at 4 years, scaphoid, trapezoid and trapezium at 5 years and the pisiform last at 9 years or later. There are often variations in the above common pattern.

Right shoulder

surface markings, from the front

The clavicle is subcutaneous throughout its length. Its acromial end (1) at the acromioclavicular joint (2) lies at a slightly higher level than the acromion of the scapula (3). At the most lateral part of the shoulder, the deltoid overlies the humerus; the acromion of the scapula does not extend so far laterally. Compare the positions of the features noted here with the dissection on the next page.

1

Acromial end of clavicle
2

Acromioclavicular joint
3

Acromion
4

Anterior margin of deltoid
5

Areola
6

Biceps
7

Deltoid overlying greater tubercle of humerus
8

Deltopectoral groove and cephalic vein
9

Infraclavicular fossa
10

Lower margin of pectoralis major
11

Nipple
12

Serratus anterior
13

Supraclavicular fossa
14

Trapezius
15

Upper margin of pectoralis major

The nipple in the male (11) normally lies at the level of the fourth intercostal space.

The lower border of pectoralis major (10) forms the anterior axillary fold.

Note that the most lateral bony point in the shoulder is the greater tubercle (7).

Right shoulder

superficial dissection

Removal of skin and fascia displays the anterior musculature of the shoulder and thoracic wall.

1

Anterior layer of rectus sheath
2

Anterior perforating branches of intercostal neurovascular bundle
3

Biceps brachii muscle (long head)
4

Brachioradialis muscle
5

Cephalic vein
6

Cephalic vein in deltopectoral groove
7

Clavicle
8

Deltoid muscle
9

Latissimus dorsi muscle
10

Pectoralis major muscle, abdominal head
11

Pectoralis major muscle, clavicular head
12

Pectoralis major muscle, sternal head
13

Serratus anterior muscle
14

Triceps brachii muscle (lateral head)

Intraosseous vascular access

Right shoulder

superficial dissection, from the front

Removal of skin and fascia displays branches of the supraclavicular nerve (6) crossing the clavicle (9), and the cephalic vein (7) lying in the deltopectoral groove between deltoid (13) and pectoralis major (11).

1

A superficial venous plexus
2

Accessory nerve
3

Acromial end of clavicle
4

Acromioclavicular joint
5

Acromion of scapula
6

Branches of supraclavicular nerves
7

Cephalic vein
8

Cervical nerve to trapezius
9

Clavicle
10

Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid
11

Clavicular part of pectoralis major
12

Clavipectoral fascia
13

Deltoid
14

Sternal head of sternocleidomastoid
15

Sternocostal part of pectoralis major
16

Trapezius

The position of the acromioclavicular joint (4) is indicated by the small ‘step down’ between the acromial end of the clavicle (3) and the acromion (5); compare with the surface feature 2 on page 132 . This is the normal appearance; when the joint is dislocated, with the acromion being forced below the end of the clavicle, the ‘step’ is much exaggerated.

The cephalic vein (7) runs in the deltopectoral groove between deltoid (13) and pectoralis major (11) and pierces the clavipectoral fascia (12) to drain into the axillary vein.

Right shoulder

deeper dissection, from the front

Most of deltoid (10) and pectoralis major (20) have been removed to show the underlying pectoralis minor (21) and its associated vessels and nerves. The clavipectoral fascia which passes between the clavicle (7) and the upper (medial) border of the pectoralis minor (21) has also been removed to show the axillary vein (3) receiving the cephalic vein (6) and continuing as the subclavian vein (27) as it crosses the first rib (11).

1

Anterior circumflex humeral artery and musculocutaneous nerve
2

Axillary lymph nodes (enlarged)
3

Axillary vein
4

Branches of medial pectoral nerve
5

Branches of lateral pectoral nerve
6

Cephalic vein
7

Clavicle
8

Coracobrachialis
9

Coracoid process and acromial branch of thoracoacromial artery
10

Deltoid
11

First rib
12

Inferior belly of omohyoid (displaced upwards)
13

Intercostobrachial nerve
14

Internal jugular vein
15

Lateral thoracic artery
16

Long thoracic nerve (to serratus anterior)
17

Median nerve
18

Nerve to sternothyroid
19

Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery
20

Pectoralis major
21

Pectoralis minor
22

Phrenic nerve overlying scalenus anterior
23

Scalenus medius
24

Short head of biceps
25

Sternohyoid
26

Sternothyroid
27

Subclavian vein
28

Subclavius
29

Subscapularis
30

Suprascapular nerve
31

Tendon of long head of biceps
32

Trapezius
33

Trunks of brachial plexus

Shoulder arthroscopy

This shows the arthroscopic view of the right shoulder seen from behind. The supraspinatus tendon and the long head of biceps is in pristine condition. The anterior edge of the glenoid labrum shows some wear.

Right shoulder

surface markings, from behind

The arm is slightly abducted, and the inferior angle of the scapula (5) has been made to project backwards by attempting to flex the shoulder joint against resistance. Compare the features noted with the dissection opposite.

1

Acromial end of clavicle
2

Acromioclavicular joint
3

Acromion
4

Deltoid
5

Inferior angle of scapula
6

Infraspinatus
7

Latissimus dorsi
8

Level of axillary nerve behind humerus
9

Long head of triceps
10

Spine of scapula
11

Teres major
12

Trapezius
13

Vertebral (medial) border of scapula

The inferior angle of the scapula (5) usually lies at the level of the seventh intercostal space. It is overlapped by the upper margin of latissimus dorsi ( page 138 , 9).

The axillary nerve (8) runs transversely under cover of deltoid (4) behind the shaft of the humerus at a level 5–6 cm below the acromion (3). This must be remembered when giving intramuscular injections into the deltoid.

Latissimus dorsi (7; page 138 , 7) and teres major (11; page 138 , 16) form the lower boundary of the posterior wall of the axilla.

Right shoulder

superficial dissection, from behind

The triangle of auscultation (12) is bounded by the trapezius, latissimus dorsi and the medial border of the scapula; its floor is partly formed by rhomboid major. If the arms are brought forwards, the sixth intercostal space becomes available for auscultation.

1

Acromion
2

Branches of circumflex scapular artery
3

Deltoid muscle
4

Infraspinatus fascia
5

Lateral cutaneous branches of dorsal rami of thoracic nerves
6

Latissimus dorsi muscle
7

Long head of triceps brachii muscle
8

Posterior cutaneous nerve to the arm
9

Teres major muscle
10

Teres minor muscle
11

Trapezius muscle
12

Triangle of auscultation

Right shoulder

from behind, trapezius reflected

1

Acromion
2

Branches of circumflex scapular artery
3

Deep branch of transverse cervical artery
4

Deltoid muscle
5

Erector spinae muscle
6

Infraspinatus muscle
7

Latissimus dorsi muscle
8

Levator scapulae muscle
9

Medial border of scapula
10

Rhomboid major muscle
11

Rhomboid minor muscle
12

Spinal accessory nerve
13

Spine of scapula
14

Splenius capitis muscle
15

Supraspinatus muscle
16

Teres major muscle
17

Teres minor muscle
18

Thoracic part of thoracolumbar fascia
19

Trapezius muscle (cut and reflected)

A

Right shoulder

from above and behind

1

Acromion
2

Branches of circumflex scapular artery anastomosing with suprascapular artery
3

Deltoid muscle (cut and reflected)
4

Erector spinae muscle
5

Infraspinous fossa
6

Infraspinatus muscle (cut and reflected)
7

Latissimus dorsi muscle
8

Levator scapulae muscle
9

Long head of triceps brachii muscle
10

Medial border of scapula
11

Omohyoid muscle
12

Posterior cutaneous nerve to the arm
13

Rhomboid major muscle
14

Rhomboid minor muscle
15

Serratus posterior superior muscle
16

Spine of the scapula
17

Splenius capitis muscle
18

Superior transverse scapular ligament
19

Suprascapular artery
20

Suprascapular nerve
21

Supraspinous fossa
22

Supraspinatus muscle (cut and reflected)
23

Teres major muscle
24

Teres minor muscle
25

Thoracic part of thoracolumbar fascia
26

Trapezius muscle (cut and reflected)

B

Right shoulder and upper arm

from the right

Deltoid (7) extends over the tip of the shoulder to its attachment halfway down the lateral side of the shaft of the humerus. Biceps brachii (3) is on the front of the arm below pectoralis major (8) and triceps (11 and 12) is at the back.

1

Acromion
2

Anconeus
3

Biceps brachii
4

Brachialis
5

Brachioradialis
6

Cephalic vein
7

Deltoid
8

Pectoralis major
9

Radial nerve
10

Radial nerve, posterior cutaneous branch to the forearm
11

Triceps, lateral head
12

Triceps, long head
13

Triceps, tendon

Posterior dislocation of the shoulder

Right shoulder

deep dissection of scapular region

1

Acromion
2

Branches of circumflex scapular artery
3

Deltoid muscle (cut and reflected)
4

Erector spinae muscle
5

Infraspinatus muscle (cut and reflected)
6

Latissimus dorsi muscle
7

Levator scapulae muscle
8

Long head of triceps brachii muscle
9

Medial border of scapula
10

Posterior cutaneous nerve to the arm
11

Rhomboid major muscle
12

Rhomboid minor muscle
13

Suprascapular artery
14

Suprascapular nerve
15

Supraspinatus muscle (cut and reflected)
16

Teres major muscle
17

Teres minor muscle
18

Thoracic part of thoracolumbar fascia
19

Trapezius muscle (cut and reflected)

Right shoulder deep dissection of scapular region

Tags: Abrahams' and McMinn's Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy

Nov 8, 2019 | Posted by drzezo in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE | Comments Off

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Upper limb

Upper limb

Left scapula

Left scapula

A

Left scapula

B

Left scapula and clavicle

C

Left clavicle

A

Left scapula

B

Left scapula and clavicle

C

Left clavicle

Right humerus

Right humerus

Right humerus

Right humerus

Right radius

Right radius

Right ulna

Right ulna

A

Right radius and ulna

B

Right radius and ulna

Right humerus, radius and ulna

Right radius and ulna

Bones of the right hand

Bones of the right hand

Bones of the right hand

Right upper limb bones

Right shoulder

Right shoulder

Right shoulder

Right shoulder

Shoulder arthroscopy

Right shoulder

Right shoulder

Right shoulder

A

Right shoulder

B

Right shoulder and upper arm

Right shoulder

Right shoulder deep dissection of scapular region

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