Trends in Cancer Epidemiology

Chapter 10 Trends in Cancer Epidemiology




Clinical Case Problem 1 A 74-Year-Old Farmer with Abdominal Pain


A 74-year-old grain farmer comes to your office for assessment of abdominal pain of 6 months’ duration. The pain is located in the central abdomen with radiation through to the back. It is a dull, constant pain with no significant aggravating or relieving factors. It is not affected in any way by food. It is rated by the patient as a 5/10 baseline with occasional increases to 7/10. It has been getting worse for the past 2 months.


On examination, vital signs are stable, but the sclerae are slightly icteric. The abdomen is scaphoid. The liver margin feels slightly irregular 2 cm below the right costal margin. No other masses are felt. Abdominal ultrasound examination reveals a solid mass lesion in the area of the head of the pancreas measuring 4 cm. There are also two or three nodular densities (1 cm each) in the liver.



Select the best answer to the following questions




1. What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?


a. benign pseudocyst of the pancreas

b. adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

c. squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas

d. pancreatitis

e. malignant pseudocyst of the pancreas

2. With regard to the diagnosis in this patient, which of the following statements is true?


a. the incidence of this disease has remained constant during the past 10 years in the United States

b. the death rate from this disease has decreased significantly during the past 10 years in the United States

c. the survival rate from this disease has increased greatly during the past 10 years in the United States

d. there are no accurate data on death rates from this disease in the United States for the past 10 years

e. none of the above

3. With regard to cancer mortality in the United States, which of the following statements is true?


a. during the past 20 years, the death rate from all cancers has decreased significantly in children

b. during the past 20 years, the death rate from prostate cancer has increased by 20%

c. during the past 20 years, there has been no significant change in the death rate from lung cancers

d. during the past 20 years, the death rate from all cancers has increased by 20%

e. during the past 20 years, the death rate from breast cancer has increased by 15%

4. Which of the following statements is true regarding the leading causes of cancer mortality in the United States?


a. the leading causes of cancer death by site in men are lung, prostate, and colon

b. the leading causes of cancer death by site in women are breast, lung, and uterine

c. the most prevalent cancers in women are breast, uterine, and bladder

d. the most prevalent cancers in men are lung, bladder, and colon

e. African Americans have a lower death rate than white Americans from cancers

5. With respect to the statistics discussed in questions 3 and 4, which of the following statements is true?


a. the number of cancer cases can be expected to increase because of the growth and aging of the population in coming decades

b. a major cause of the recent decline in lung cancer mortality rates in women is an increase in smoking rates

c. high colorectal cancer screening rates continue to counterbalance the effects of diet and lack of physical activity

d. the epidemic of obesity is unlikely to have any effect on cancer incidence and mortality trends

e. tobacco taxes have little effect on smoking initiation in adolescents

6. With respect to secondary prevention measures for cancer, which of the following is true?


a. the use of screening tests for breast cancer is decreasing

b. the use of screening tests for cervical cancer is decreasing

c. screening rates of at-risk populations for colorectal cancer remain low

d. physician screening rates for tobacco use in patients are satisfactory

e. lung cancer screening tests have been shown to reduce mortality

7. What is the leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States today?


a. breast cancer

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Oct 1, 2016 | Posted by in GENERAL SURGERY | Comments Off on Trends in Cancer Epidemiology

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