3 Tissue Renewal and Repair: Regeneration, Healing, and Fibrosis
1 In an experiment, surgical incisions are made in a study group of laboratory rats. Observations about the wounds are recorded over a 2-week period using various chemical mediators. Which of the following steps in the inflammatory-repair response is most likely affected by neutralization of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)?
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(E) 2 A 60-year-old woman developed chest pain that persisted for 4 hours. A radiographic imaging procedure showed an apparent myocardial infarction involving a 3 × 4 cm area of the posterior left ventricular free wall. Laboratory findings showed serum creatine kinase of 600 U/L. The patient received anti-arrhythmic and pressor agents to treat the decreased cardiac output while in the hospital. Which of the following pathologic findings would most likely be seen in the left ventricle 1 month later?
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(E) 3 An experiment infects one group of test animals with viral hepatitis. Two months later, complete recovery of the normal liver architecture is observed when the livers from these animals are examined microscopically. A second test group is infected with bacterial organisms, and after the same period of time, fibrous scars from resolving abscesses are seen microscopically in the livers. Which of the following factors best explains the different outcomes for the two test groups?
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(E) 4 A 23-year-old woman receiving corticosteroid therapy for an autoimmune disease has an abscess on her upper outer right arm. She undergoes minor surgery to incise and drain the abscess, but the wound heals poorly over the next month. Which of the following aspects of wound healing is most likely to be deficient in this patient?
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(E) 5 A cesarean section is performed on a 20-year-old woman to deliver a term infant, and the lower abdominal incision is sutured. The sutures are removed 1 week later. Which of the following statements best describes the wound site at the time of suture removal?
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(E) 6 A 40-year-old man underwent laparotomy for a perforated sigmoid colon diverticulum. A wound infection complicated the postoperative course, and surgical wound dehiscence occurred. Primary closure was no longer possible, and the wound “granulated in.” Six weeks later, the wound is only 10% of its original size. Which of the following processes best accounts for the observed decrease in wound size over the past 6 weeks?
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(E) 7 In an experiment involving observations on wound healing, researchers noted that intracytoplasmic cytoskeletal elements, including actin, interact with the extracellular matrix to promote cell attachment and migration in wound healing. Which of the following substances is most likely responsible for such interaction between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix?
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(F) 8 In an experiment, release of epidermal growth factor into an area of denuded skin causes mitogenic stimulation of the skin epithelial cells. Which of the following proteins is most likely to be involved in transducing the mitogenic signal from the epidermal cell membrane to the nucleus?
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(E) 9 An experiment analyzes factors involved in the cell cycle during growth factor–induced cellular regeneration in a tissue culture. Cyclin B synthesis is induced; the cyclin B binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). The active kinase produced by this process is most likely to control progression in which of the following phases of the cell cycle?
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(E) 10 An experiment is conducted involving cellular aspects of wound healing. Components of the extracellular matrix are analyzed to determine their sites of production and their binding patterns to other tissue components. Which of the following molecules synthesized by fibroblasts can best bind to cellular integrins and extracellular collagen and attach epidermal basal cells to basement membrane?
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