Fig. 35.1
TilePro inputs in the back of the surgeon console
During the operation, the surgeons can activate the video input by turning on the multi-input TilePro™ system using the touch pad panel at the surgeon’s console (Fig. 35.2). Surgeons are able to display the digital input images on the console monitor and other monitors as picture-on-picture mode and to switch on and off the TilePro display by tapping the camera foot pedal. By using the size control bar, the touch pad panel at the surgeon’s console, the size of the TilePro image can be adjusted as needed. To control the images of the digital inputs, wireless mouse can be used when the inputs were from the computer systems or a special 3D motion controller was to manipulate the stereoscopic volume-rendered image by the surgeons [3, 4].
Fig. 35.2
TilePro can be activated by using the touch pad panel at the surgeon console. The surgeon can control the video input on and off by tapping the foot pedal for the camera
Current Applications of TilePro™ System During Robotic Surgery
Urology Application
The first reported application of TilePro was during an urologic procedure [1–3, 5]. It was used along with a Doppler technology in renal surgery. Laparoscopic ultrasound probe can be controlled by the surgeon as well as an assistant at the patient side. By using Doppler ultrasound, the renal hilum could be identified and aberrant vessels were isolated. It was also useful to confirm ischemia before resection. Surgeons can also correlate the ultrasound images with preoperative CT scan images to localize the tumor by using triple image display.
General Surgery Application
In general surgery, TilePro was used in various types of surgery. During radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, patient-specific vascular images were reconstructed during operation by the radiologist and transferred to the surgeon console using TilePro (Fig. 35.3).
Fig. 35.3
Intraoperative vascular reconstruction by a radiologist during radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Reconstructed images are transferred to the surgeon console through TilePro
Reconstructed CT images provide vital information during surgery, in particular, a vascular map that is critical for surgical guidance during lymphadenectomy, and it minimizes the risk of vessel injury, especially of small- or deep-seated vessels. This approach used intraoperative vascular images to depict vasculatures around the stomach (Fig. 35.4), and through it, surgeon could identify important vascular variations [6].
