| Conus medullaris | Caudal end of the spinal cord (S3–S5). In adult, ends at the L2 vertebra |
| Cauda equina | Nerve roots of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal spinal nerves |
| Filum terminale | Slender pial extension that tethers the spinal cord to the bottom of the vertebral column |
| Doral root ganglia | Cell bodies of primary sensory neurons |
| Dorsal and ventral roots | Each segment has a pair |
| Dorsal horn | Sensory neurons |
| Ventral horn | Motor neurons |
| Spinal nerve | Formed from dorsal and ventral roots (mixed nerve) |
| Cervical enlargement | (C5–T1) → branchial plexus → upper limbs |
| Lumbar enlargement | (L2–S3) → lumbar and sacral plexuses → lower limbs |
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