Basicmedical Key

Drug Effects Michael S. Torbenson, MD 15.1 OVERVIEW The acronym DILI, which stands for “drug-induced liver injury”, is commonly used in the literature on drug reactions. In the United States,…

Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease Marcela Salomao, MD 14.1 INTRODUCTION Pediatric cholestatic liver diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses, including infections, metabolic disorders, congenital malformations, and many others.1 Liver biopsy…

Cholestatic Liver Disease and Biliary Tract Disease Jason Lewis, MD 13.1 INTRODUCTION Cholestasis is defined as impaired bile flow. It may be secondary to either hepatocyte abnormalities or compromise of…

Autoimmune Hepatitis Rish K. Pai, MD, PhD 12.1 INTRODUCTION Autoimmune hepatitis is defined as an unresolving hepatitis characterized by an aberrant immune response against self-liver antigens. This aberrant immune response…

Granulomatous Liver Disease Vishal S. Chandan, MD Tsung-Teh Wu, MD, PhD 11.1 INTRODUCTION Granulomas are localized collections of macrophages and other inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes, that usually develop in…

The Almost Normal Liver Biopsy Michael S. Torbenson, MD 7.1 OVERVIEW Liver biopsies can sometimes be almost normal on histological examination, even when performed for clinical indication. The clinical indication…

Electron Microscopy Taofic Mounajjed, MD 5.1 INTRODUCTION The rise of immunohistochemical, molecular, and serologic techniques in pathology over the past decades has somewhat sidelined certain diagnostic uses of the more…

The Language of Liver Pathology: Definitions of Key Terms Michael S. Torbenson, MD 3.1 INTRODUCTION Like all medical disciplines, liver pathology has its own vocabulary used to describe histological findings….

Gross Processing of Liver Specimens Roger K. Moreira, MD 2.1 GROSS ANATOMY Weight The normal human liver varies significantly in size, with an average weight of approximately 1,500 g (ranging…