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Introduction Prior to recent advancements in surgical technology, open adrenalectomy was the gold standard for benign and malignant adrenal diseases. With the introduction of laparoscopy, surgeons began to transition to…

Introduction Open kidney transplantation (OKT) is considered the gold standard treatment for end-stage renal disease as it is able to achieve a greater survival rate and a better quality of…

Introduction Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5% to 10% of urothelial cancer, with approximately 60% muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. Extirpative surgery, traditionally open nephroureterectomy, was…

Introduction Pyeloplasty offers the best long-term cure for patients with pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. Before the advent of laparoscopic renal surgery, endopyelotomy was the most popular treatment method due to…

Introduction Partial nephrectomy is now considered the treatment of choice in all small renal tumors when technically feasible, because long-term oncologic outcomes are equivalent to radical nephrectomy while preserving renal…

Introduction Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is indicated for the treatment of small renal masses, and the technique for NSS has transitioned from open to the minimally invasive approach. Although the initial…

Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in men. The prevalence of this pathology increases with…

Introduction This chapter describes techniques for transperitoneal and retroperitoneal robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. Robotic assistance facilitates a minimally invasive approach and avoids the need for open surgery particularly for larger and…

Introduction Lymph node status is a primary factor in determining a patient’s prognosis and future therapy for prostate cancer. Lymph node involvement (LNI) is associated with a significant increase in…

Introduction Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is the most common form of treatment for localized prostate cancer. Introduction of robotics has helped to visualize prostatic and periprostatic structures better and improve…