Kidney, Adult: Diagnosis and Margins A nephrectomy removes the kidney, ureter, major vessels, and may remove the adrenal. Margins are rarely involved and intraoperative consultation is often not necessary. (Courtesy…
Ovary, Mass: Diagnosis A typical endometrioma, or “chocolate cyst,” of the ovary has a flat velvety lining and is filled with a thick, brown fluid. Carcinomas arising in these lesions…
Peritoneal/Omental Mass: Biopsy Peritoneal inclusion cysts are common incidental findings at the time of surgery. The cysts are usually translucent with a thin wall and filled with clear fluid. Larger…
Ureter: Margins A small length of ureter received for frozen section should be oriented and embedded in such a way that a complete cross section of the lumen is obtained….
Parathyroid Gland: Diagnosis and Margins Parathyroid hyperplasia usually involves all 4 glands but can be asymmetric with marked variation in the extent of glandular involvement (pseudoadenomatous variant). Adenomas are usually…
Uterus, Endometrium: Diagnosis The depth of invasion of endometrial carcinoma into the myometrium is an important predictor of the likelihood of metastasis. The deepest extent of invasion is confirmed by…
Lung Mass: Diagnosis Pulmonary adenocarcinoma is most often seen in a peripheral location and may show “puckering” or indentation of the pleural surface if the visceral pleura is involved. (Courtesy…
Meninges: Diagnosis Meningiomas arise from the cranial dura and derive their blood supply from it. The underlying brain is compressed . Hyperostosis of adjacent cranial bone is a common feature….
Pancreas Resection: Parenchymal, Retroperitoneal, and Bile Duct Margins Tumors of the head of the pancreas are resected with the distal stomach and proximal duodenum . The pancreatic parenchymal margin and…
