Definition
Shock is defined as a state of acute inadequate or inappropriate tissue perfusion resulting in generalized cellular hypoxia and dysfunction.
Cellular shock is sometimes used to refer to the condition where adequate tissue distribution of nutrients is not accompanied by cellular utilization (can be caused by toxins, drugs and inflammatory mediators).
Key Points
- Identify the cause early and begin treatment quickly.
- Shock in surgical patients is often overlooked – unwell, confused, restless patients may well be shocked.
- Unless a cardiogenic cause is obvious, treat shock with urgent fluid resuscitation.
- Worsening clinical status despite adequate volume replacement suggests the need for intensive care.
Common Causes
Hypovolaemic
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