Radiocephalic (Cimino–Brescia) arteriovenous fistula at the wrist; brachiocephalic or first-stage brachiobasilic fistula in the antecubital fossa.
Second-stage brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula, also known as a basilic vein transposition and superficialisation; palpate for a possible prosthetic graft (PTFE or Dacron) in case the fistula has been revised.
What are the features of a transplanted kidney?
Renal transplants are most commonly placed in the right or left iliac fossa.
Non-functioning native kidneys are usually left in situ. Consequently, nephrectomy scars will not always be present in patients with end-stage renal failure. Indications for nephrectomy in patients with renal failure include infected polycystic kidneys or renal carcinoma.
Beware of small incisions used in laparoscopic nephrectomy.
A smooth, non-tender, kidney-shaped, dull mass may be palpable in the iliac fossa.
What investigation may be necessary in patients planning to have a fistula formed?
A bedside/outpatient ultrasound scan may be performed to assess the position and calibre of the peripheral arteries and veins.
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