8. Mutations in noncoding sequences may change the number of protein molecules produced, but each protein molecule made will generally have a normal amino acid sequence. Give examples of some exceptions to this rule, and describe how the alterations in the amino acid sequence are generated.
9. What are some possible explanations for the fact that thalassemia control programs, such as the successful one in Sardinia, have not reduced the birth rate of newborns with severe thalassemia to zero? For example, in Sardinia from 1999 to 2002, approximately two to five such infants were born each year.