Nonproliferative Alterations of Acini



Nonproliferative Alterations of Acini






1.1 COLUMNAR CELL LESION WITHOUT ATYPIA VS. CYSTICALLY DILATED LOBULAR UNIT









































Columnar Cell Lesion without Atypia


Cystically Dilated Lobular Unit


Age


Adult women


Adult women


Imaging findings


Calcifications, punctuate in clusters


Calcification or lobulated mass, often with septations


Etiology


Unknown


Unknown change in specialized connective tissue results in unfolding of the lobular unit


Histology




  1. Lobular unit is enlarged



  2. Lined by columnar cells that maintain basolateral polarity (Figs. 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3)


Unfolded, coalescing acini, lined by a single epithelial cell layer, usually cuboidal or apocrine (Figs. 1.1.4, 1.1.5, 1.1.6)


Special studies


None


None


Treatment


None


Fine needle aspiration if symptomatic


Clinical implication


No risk implications


No risk implications








Figure 1.1.1 Columnar cell lesion without atypia: The lobular unit is enlarged and consists of dilated acini with undulating contours. The intralobular connective tissue is fibrotic.






Figure 1.1.2 The dilated acini contain secretions and are lined by a single layer of columnar cells; the relationship with the myoepithelial cell layer is orderly in columnar cell lesions without atypia.






Figure 1.1.3 The columnar cells maintain basolateral polarity. Nuclei are small, without obvious nucleoli. The myoepithelial cells are prominent.






Figure 1.1.4 Cystically dilated lobular unit: Half of the acini of this lobular unit are expanded, but maintain rounded contours.






Figure 1.1.5 The dilated acini contain translucent secretions and lack histiocyes or inflammatory cells. Acini of normal size and configuration are present adjacent to the dilated acini.






Figure 1.1.6 The cystically dilated acini are lined by a single layer of normally polarized, low cuboidal epithelium, with patchy attenuation.



1.2 COLUMNAR CELL LESION WITHOUT ATYPIA VS. COLUMNAR CELL LESION WITH ATYPIA









































Columnar Cell Lesion without Atypia


Columnar Cell Lesion with Atypia


Age


Adult women


Adult women


Imaging findings


Calcifications, typically in clusters, usually punctate, may be amorphous, rarely pleomorphic


Calcifications, typically in clusters, may be punctate or amorphous, rarely pleomorphic


Etiology


Unknown


Unknown


Histology




  1. Enlarged lobular unit lined by one or two cell layers



  2. Maintenance of basolateral polarity



  3. Nuclei lack prominent nucleoli (Figs. 1.2.1, 1.2.2, 1.2.3, 1.2.4, 1.2.5)




  1. Enlarged lobular units lined by epithelial cells that have lost basolateral polarity



  2. Rounded nuclei often with prominent nucleolus (Figs. 1.2.6, 1.2.7, 1.2.8, 1.2.9, 1.2.10)



  3. Lacks architectural features of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), e.g., Cribriform spaces or micropapillae


Genetic abnormalities


None


Loss of chromosome 16q


Treatment


Excision unnecessary if detected on core biopsy


Excision if present in core biopsy specimen because of association with more clinically significant lesions; no treatment necessary if detected in excisional biopsy specimen


Clinical implication


None


Slight increase in relative cancer risk (1.5×)








Figure 1.2.1 Columnar cell lesion without atypia. Most acini in the lobular unit are enlarged and have irregular contours.






Figure 1.2.2 The enlarged acini contain calcifying secretions and a single columnar luminal epithelial cell layer.






Figure 1.2.3 The acinar cells are distinctly elongated and have prominent apical snouts.






Figure 1.2.6 Columnar cell lesion with atypia: Two adjacent lobular units contain several enlarged, dilated acini. At low power, the character of the lining cells is not evident.






Figure 1.2.7 At higher power, the “globoid” nature of the dilated acini is evident in columnar cell lesions with atypia.






Figure 1.2.8 Columnar cell lesion with atypia: These dilated acini contain secretions and are lined by cells with rounded nuclei with an increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio.







Figure 1.2.4 The columnar lining cells maintain normal basolateral polarity. The myoepithelial layer is regularly identifiable.






Figure 1.2.5 Although an occasional cellular bridge is noted, the nuclei are overlapping with their long axes oriented parallel with the bar, diagnostic criterion for usual hyperplasia. Focal pseudostratification or tangential sectioning may create the appearance of multiple cell layers and loss of polarity.






Figure 1.2.9 The acini are lined by several layers of luminal epithelial cells with loss of a polar arrangement. Myoepithelial cells are present, but not prominent. Apocrine snouts are observed in most acini. Note the conspicuous absence of architectural features diagnostic of ADH i.e., cribriform spaces, bars, or bulbous papillae.






Figure 1.2.10 In addition to loss of polarity, the nuclei have readily apparent nucleoli; compare with the adjacent acinus lined by a single layer of smaller nuclei (left side).



1.3 APOCRINE CHANGE VS. COLUMNAR CELL LESION WITH ATYPIA









































Apocrine Change


Columnar Cell Lesion with Atypia


Age


Adult women


Adult women


Imaging findings


“Milk of calcium” type calcifications may be present in clusters; aggregated apocrine cysts may form a mass with associated calcifications


Calcifications typically in clusters, may be punctate, amorphous, or rarely pleomorphic


Clinical associations


Often perimenopausal


No specific associations


Histology




  1. Dilated lobular unit (Fig. 1.3.1), lined by a single layer of apocrine cells (Fig. 1.3.2)



  2. May have apical red cytoplasmic granules



  3. Nuclei enlarged with prominent nucleolus (Figs. 1.3.3 and 1.3.4)




  1. Enlarged lobular units lined by epithelial cells that have lost normal basolateral polarity



  2. Crowded, rounded, enlarged nuclei, often with a prominent nucleolus



  3. Lacks architectural features of ADH, e.g., Cribriform spaces or micropapillae (Figs. 1.3.5, 1.3.6, 1.3.7, 1.3.8)


Genetic abnormalities


None


Loss of chromosome 16q


Treatment


Cyst drainage by fine needle aspiration


Excision if present in core biopsy specimen because of association with other more clinically significant lesions; no further treatment necessary if detected in excisional biopsy specimen


Clinical implication


No increase in cancer risk


1.5× increased relative cancer risk of subsequent breast cancer

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Sep 23, 2018 | Posted by in PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE | Comments Off on Nonproliferative Alterations of Acini

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