Infectious diseases, tropical medicine and sexually transmitted infection

4 Infectious diseases, tropical medicine and sexually transmitted infection



Questions




Question 1


Which haematogenous infections (bacterial, fungal and protozoal) can give rise to positive findings in the urine? What are the appropriate microbiological investigations for each infection?



Question 2


Could you please explain the term ‘zoonosis’.



Question 3


What are soil transmitters?



Question 4


Please explain the difference between bacteraemia and septicaemia. Can the presence of toxins, fungi or viruses in the blood also be called septicaemia?



Question 5


I want to know about the safety of antibiotics used in pregnancy in different trimesters.



Question 6


What are the uses and the side-effects of the antibiotic lincomycin?



Question 7


I have a question that keeps troubling me. Is there any drug taken orally that prevents penicillin hypersensitivity reactions?



Question 8


Is there any replacement intravenous antibiotic for those patients who have hypersensitivity to penicillin?



Question 9


Is it correct to perform an intradermal skin sensitivity test before administering penicillin or a cephalosporin?



Question 10


Why are antibiotics not allowed in the treatment of rotaviruses?



Question 11


Does aciclovir prevent the chances of developing herpes zoster (shingles) when given during primary infection?



Question 12


How long does it take after vaccination to become immunized against chickenpox and therefore safe to work in infectious areas?



Question 13


Is meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) the only major hospital-acquired infection?



Question 14


Do you have to have antibiotics to get Clostridium difficile infection?



Question 15


Why do some patients with rheumatic fever later progress to chronic rheumatic heart disease?



Question 16


What is the World Health Organization recommendation for the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever after a streptococcal throat infection?



Question 17


Does rheumatic fever have an infectious or an immunological aetiology?



Question 18


Why is migratory polyarthritis found in rheumatic heart disease?



Question 19


Are penicillins still the drug of choice in streptococcal infections (particularly Strep. Pneumoniae)?



Question 20



1. How long can the antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titre remain positive after a streptococcal infection?

2. What is the effect of a suitable antibiotic on the ASO titre, if any?


Question 21


What is the correct method of diagnosis of meningococcal septicaemia: cerebrospinal fluid culture or blood culture?



Question 22


Can Escherichia coli 0157 be spread by foods other than meats?



Question 23


I have a question about a patient with brucellosis in whom, after 6 weeks of treatment with 600mg rifampicin +200mg doxycycline, the agglutination test still shows a 1/320 titre. If, after stopping the treatment, the patient begins to experience identical symptoms as previously, how should treatment proceed? What is the best laboratory test to show relapse?



Question 24


Do steroids have a role in the treatment of dengue haemorrhagic fever, in particular to prevent the further fall in the platelet count?



Question 25


Please give me the mechanism of thrombocytopenia in dengue and malaria.



Question 26


What is the recommended procedure for the treatment of a case of dengue fever?



Question 27


What diseases can you get from tick bites?



Question 28


Why has severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) not spread as widely as was predicted?



Question 29


Please explain the relation between recurrent typhoid fever and chronic carrier, and the recommended treatment for both.



Question 30


What is the single most confirmatory diagnostic test for typhoid?



Question 31


Has human-to-human transmission of the H5N1 avian influenza virus been described?



Question 32


In brucellosis, is it possible to see a brucella agglutination test of more than 1/160 even for years after specific and successful therapy of brucellosis?



Question 33


Please define the terms holoendemic, mesoendemic, and hyperendemic in relation to malaria.



Question 34


You only recommend malarone for malarial prophylaxis when there is a significant chlorquine resistance. Isn’t malarone now widely used in travellers going to areas with low resistance.



Question 35


Parenteral vaccination with a killed suspension of Vibrio cholerae is recommended by some – isn’t an oral vaccine better?



Question 36


Please suggest possible reasons why Entamoeba histolytica infection associated with bloody diarrhoea is not relieved by treatment with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole 400mg × 2 daily over a 3-week period.



Question 37


Is there a basis for treating patients for filariasis according to the eosinophil count (except for cases of tropical pulmonary eosinophils; TPE)? Filariasis is everywhere in my part of the world; a fluorescent antibody test (FAT) might not be very useful – except when there are very high values.



Question 38


Why do patients who ingest eggs from a tapeworm in contaminated food not develop tapeworms?



Question 39


I have a query about one of the details in the book. You mention that perihepatitis is a feature of gonorrhoeal infection, but other books say that perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome) is a complication of chlamydial infections. Is there a possibility of perihepatitis in gonorrhoea? Thank you.



Question 40


In the 7th edition of Kumar and Clark Clinical Medicine, you indicate that there is no benefit in treating the male partner of a woman diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis (BV). As many physicians use the 2g × 1 metronidazole dose, is this unwarranted? Does it differ in women experiencing frequent recurrences of infection?



Question 41


Why is a caesarean section recommended for the delivery of HIV-positive women?



Question 42


Why is HIV not transmitted when delivering a baby through caesarean section?



Question 43



1. Is HIV transmitted from mother to child during breastfeeding?

2. Is it possible to be infected with HIV through the ingestion of food and drinks contaminated with the virus?


Question 44


Is it true that some patients are resistant to HIV infection despite repeated exposure to the virus?



Question 45


With regard to live vaccination and HIV, can MMR be given to an HIV-positive baby?



Question 46


In a patient with meningitis: can the development of digital gangrene of the thumbs and sudden dyspnoea with a respiratory rate of 40/min, with intercostal, subcostal and suprasternal withdrawal, be attributed to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

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Dec 4, 2016 | Posted by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE | Comments Off on Infectious diseases, tropical medicine and sexually transmitted infection

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