24 Hip and Thigh Fractures
Anatomy of the Hip and Thigh
Femur
• Parts and landmarks: head; fovea (for round ligament); neck; greater trochanter; lesser trochanter; intertrochanteric line, crest, and fossa; pectineal line; gluteal tuberosity; linea aspera; shaft (body); popliteal surface; adductor tubercle; medial epicondyle; lateral epicondyle; medial condyle; lateral condyle; intercondylar fossa; patellar surface
Coxal (Hip) Bones
• Ilium, ischium, and pubis are fused in adults. (See Chapter 17, Pelvic Fractures, for more bone information.)
Hip Joint
• (Collateral) ligaments: spiraling thickenings of fibrous joint capsule, passing from acetabular rim to intertrochanteric line or trochanters
Iliofemoral (Bigelow): anterior-superior, Y-shaped, very strong, prevents hyperextension by screwing femoral head tightly into acetabulum
![image](/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/x25AA-191.gif)
Compartments of the Thigh
• Fascia lata: investing deep fascia of thigh
Attaches proximally to inguinal ligament, pubic rim, Scarpa’s fascia, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity
![image](/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/x25AA-347.gif)
• Gluteal compartment
Primarily hip joint abductor and rotator muscles: gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus; piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris
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![image](/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/x25AA-446.gif)
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