Class
- Neuromuscular drug, cholinergic agonist
Guanidine Hydrochloride
Commonly Prescribed for
(FDA approved in bold)
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
- Congenital myasthenia gravis (CMG)
Guanidine Hydrochloride
How the Drug Works
- Exact mechanism of action unknown. Enhances release of acetylcholine following a nerve impulse and slows the rates of depolarization and repolarization of muscle cell membranes
Guanidine Hydrochloride
How Long Until It Works
- Hours
Guanidine Hydrochloride
If It Works
- Continue to use to reduce symptoms of LEMS or CMG at lowest required dose. Disease-modifying treatments, such as plasma exchange, intravenous immune globulin, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressives are helpful and identifying malignancy such as small-cell lung cancer is essential
Guanidine Hydrochloride
If It Doesn’t Work
- Treat with immunologic therapy
- Removal of neoplasm may improve symptoms
- Change to 3,4-Diaminopyridine
Guanidine Hydrochloride
Best Augmenting Combos for Partial Response or Treatment-Resistance
- May be combined with pyridostigmine, which increases the available amount of acetylcholine for receptor binding which may allow reduction of dose and toxicity
Guanidine Hydrochloride
Tests
- Obtain baseline CBC and monitor frequently during treatment. Monitor renal function and urinalysis
Adverse Effects (AEs)
Guanidine Hydrochloride
How Drug Causes AEs
- Most are related to cholinergic agonism
Guanidine Hydrochloride
Notable AEs
- Paresthesias, nervousness, lightheadedness, tremor, ataxia
- Diarrhea, anorexia, increased peristalsis
- Rash, sweating, itching and skin eruptions
- Elevated hepatic transaminases, sore throat, fever
- Hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia
- Emotional lability, psychosis, hallucinations
Guanidine Hydrochloride
Life-Threatening or Dangerous AEs
- Bone marrow suppression (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) – often dose-related
- Atrial fibrillation
- Renal failure, interstitial nephritis
Guanidine Hydrochloride
Weight Gain
- Unusual
Guanidine Hydrochloride