guanidine hydrochloride

Class




  • Neuromuscular drug, cholinergic agonist




Guanidine Hydrochloride


Commonly Prescribed for


(FDA approved in bold)



  • Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS)
  • Congenital myasthenia gravis (CMG)



Guanidine Hydrochloride


How the Drug Works



  • Exact mechanism of action unknown. Enhances release of acetylcholine following a nerve impulse and slows the rates of depolarization and repolarization of muscle cell membranes



Guanidine Hydrochloride


How Long Until It Works



  • Hours



Guanidine Hydrochloride


If It Works



  • Continue to use to reduce symptoms of LEMS or CMG at lowest required dose. Disease-modifying treatments, such as plasma exchange, intravenous immune globulin, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressives are helpful and identifying malignancy such as small-cell lung cancer is essential



Guanidine Hydrochloride


If It Doesn’t Work



  • Treat with immunologic therapy
  • Removal of neoplasm may improve symptoms
  • Change to 3,4-Diaminopyridine



Guanidine Hydrochloride


Best Augmenting Combos for Partial Response or Treatment-Resistance



  • May be combined with pyridostigmine, which increases the available amount of acetylcholine for receptor binding which may allow reduction of dose and toxicity



Guanidine Hydrochloride


Tests



  • Obtain baseline CBC and monitor frequently during treatment. Monitor renal function and urinalysis



Adverse Effects (AEs)




Guanidine Hydrochloride


How Drug Causes AEs



  • Most are related to cholinergic agonism



Guanidine Hydrochloride


Notable AEs



  • Paresthesias, nervousness, lightheadedness, tremor, ataxia
  • Diarrhea, anorexia, increased peristalsis
  • Rash, sweating, itching and skin eruptions
  • Elevated hepatic transaminases, sore throat, fever
  • Hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia
  • Emotional lability, psychosis, hallucinations



Guanidine Hydrochloride


Life-Threatening or Dangerous AEs



  • Bone marrow suppression (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) – often dose-related
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Renal failure, interstitial nephritis



Guanidine Hydrochloride


Weight Gain



  • Unusual



Guanidine Hydrochloride


Sedation

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Feb 16, 2017 | Posted by in PHARMACY | Comments Off on guanidine hydrochloride

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