F
FAT- & CHOLESTEROL-RESTRICTED DIET
PURPOSE:
The low-fat/low-cholesterol diets are designed to improve serum lipid profiles for the treatment and prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD).
DESCRIPTION:
Foods high in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol are controlled. Total cholesterol intake is restricted. Limited amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats are used as replacements for saturated fats. Calories need to be adjusted to achieve or maintain desired body weight. Lean meat, fish, skinless poultry, and non- or low-fat dairy products are included as well as plant sources of protein such as legumes, dried beans, and dried peas. High-fat meats and poultry, organ meats, egg yolks, and cheese are limited. Foods high in complex carbohydrates and fiber such as fruits, vegetables, whole-grain products, and legumes are emphasized.
BASIC INFORMATION:
The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines indicate that a serum total cholesterol should be measured in all adults over the age of 20 at least once every 5 years. Total cholesterol levels below 200 mg/dL are classified as “desirable blood cholesterol,” those 200–239 mg/dL as “borderline high cholesterol,” and those 240 mg/dL and over as “high blood cholesterol.” Serum (blood-level) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of at least 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women is desirable. Elevated total serum cholesterol should be confirmed by repeat testing per your health care provider’s recommendation.
Dietary treatment is the primary treatment for elevated serum cholesterol. The goals of therapy are to reduce serum cholesterol to less than 200 mg/dL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to less than 130 mg/dL. Another goal of therapy is to maintain a nutritionally adequate eating pattern.
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet (TLC)
| Nutrient | Recommended Intake |
|---|---|
After starting the diet plan, patients should be checked at 4 to 6 weeks and then 3 months for cholesterol levels and diet adherence. It usually takes 6 months for results. Drug therapy may be recommended if cholesterol levels are still high.
Cholesterol is found only in animal products. Saturated fats are often solid at room temperature and are usually found in animal products such as meats, poultry, butter, cheese, and ice cream. Plant sources of saturated fats include palm oil, palm kernel oil, and coconut oil. Monounsaturated fats are found in products such as olive oil, peanuts, flaxseed oil, and canola (rapeseed) oil. Polyunsaturated fats are usually liquid at room temperature and are found in safflower, sunflower, corn, soybean and cottonseed oils; seeds; and certain nuts.
Along with cholesterol testing, all adults should be evaluated for other CHD risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and obesity.
FOOD LISTS—TLC DIET:
Milk/Dairy (Limit to 2 to 3 servings a day)
Meat/Meat Substitute (Limit to 6 oz a day from animal products, limit 4 egg yolks a week)
Breads and Grains (6 to 11 servings a day)
Vegetables (3 to 5 servings per day or more)
Fruits (2 to 4 servings per day or more)
Desserts and Sweets (Limit to control calories)
Beverages
Miscellaneous
Limit: (1 tsp per serving) Unsaturated vegetable oils (corn, olive, canola, flaxseed, safflower, sesame, soybean, or sunflower), margarine or shortening made from unsaturated vegetable oils, mayonnaise and salad dressings made from unsaturated oils (1 Tbsp), diet margarine (2 tsp), olives (10 small or 5 large), avocado (1/8 medium or 2 Tbsp), seeds and nuts (1 Tbsp seeds, 6 almonds, 20 small peanuts), peanut butter (2 tsp).
No Limit: Vegetable oil sprays; fat-free mayonnaise and salad dressings; fat-free sour cream; herbs, spices, pepper, and salt substitute (with health care provider’s approval); mustard; catsup; vinegar; lemon and lime juice; fat-free sauces; cream sauces made with allowed ingredients.
| Suggested Meal Plan | Suggested Foods and Beverages |
|---|---|
| BREAKFAST | |
| Citrus Fruit or Juice | Grapefruit Half |
| Cereal | Bran Flakes (1/2 cup) |
| Meat/Meat Substitute | Low-Cholesterol Egg Substitute (1/4 cup) |
| Bread with Margarine | 2 Slices Whole Wheat Toast with Jelly (1 tsp) |
| Milk | 1% Milk (1 cup) |
| Beverage | Coffee |
| DINNER—NOON OR EVENING MEAL | |
| Meat/Meat Substitute | Baked Chicken Breast (3 oz) |
| Potato/Potato Substitute | Sweet Potato (1/2 cup) |
| Vegetable and/or Salad | Fat-Free Green Beans (1/2 cup) |
| Garden Salad (1 cup) with Low-Fat Dressing (2 Tbsp) | |
| Bread with Margarine | Whole Wheat Rolls (2) with Honey (2 tsp) |
| Dessert | Strawberries (1 cup) |
| Beverage | Iced Tea |
| SUPPER—EVENING OR NOON MEAL | |
| Soup or Juice | Vegetable Juice (1/2 cup) |
| Meat/Meat Substitute | Fat-Free Meatballs (3 oz) in Spaghetti Sauce (1/2 cup) |
| Potato/Substitute | Spaghetti (1/2 cup) |
| Vegetable and/or Salad | Fat-Free Broccoli (1/2 cup) |
| Spinach Salad (1 cup) with Low-Fat Dressing (2 Tbsp) | |
| Bread with Margarine | Slice Italian Bread with Margarine (1 tsp) |
| Dessert | Fruit Sorbet (1/2 cup) |
| Milk | 1% Milk (1 cup) |
| Beverage | Coffee or Tea |
Nutrient Analysis
| Calories | 1864 Kcal |
| Protein | 99 gm |
| Carbohydrate | 285 gm |
| Fat | 46 gm |
| Saturated Fat | 13 gm |
| Monounsaturated Fat | 15 gm |
| Polyunsaturated Fat | 12 gm |
| Cholesterol | 226 mg |
| Dietary Fiber | 45 gm |
| Vitamin A | 3781 IU |
| Vitamin C | 341 mg |
| Niacin Equivalents | 14 mg |
| Riboflavin | 3.1 mg |
| Thiamin | 2.0 mg |
| Folate | 546 mcg |
| Vitamin B6 | 2.7 mg |
| Vitamin B12 | 5.7 mcg |
| Calcium | 1227 mg |
| Phosphorus | 1879 mg |
| Zinc | 16 mg |
| Iron | 22 mg |
| Sodium | 3675 mg |
| Potassium | 4494 mg |
DIETA DE GRASA Y COLESTEROL RESTRINGIDOS (Fat- & Cholesterol-Restricted Diet) (Spanish)
PROPOSITO
Las dietas de baja grasa/bajo colesterol han sido diseñadas para mejorar el perfil de los lípidos séricos para el tratamiento y prevención de la enfermedad cardíaca coronaria (CHD, por sus siglas en inglés).
DESCRIPCION
Se controlan los alimentos altos en grasa, grasa saturada y colesterol. Se restringe la ingestión total de colesterol. Se reemplazan las grasas saturadas con cantidades limitadas de grasas monoinsaturadas y poliinsaturadas. Se deben ajustar las calorías ingeridas para lograr y mantener el peso corporal deseado. Se incluyen carne magra, pescado, ave de corral sin piel y productos lácteos sin grasa o bajos en grasa, además de fuentes vegetales de proteína, como las legumbres, frijoles secos y arvejas secas. Se limitan la carne y aves de alto contenido graso, vísceras, yema de huevo y queso. Se hace hincapié en alimentos con carbohidratos complejos y fibra como la fruta, verduras, productos integrales y legumbres.
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