Robotic reconstruction Bladder neck reconstruction and posterior urethroplasty have posed a major challenge in surgical reconstruction for urologic surgeons. Often, these patients present with a previous history of radiotherapy or…

Introduction Retroperitoneal lymph lode dissection (RPLND) forms an integral part of the multidisciplinary management of testicular cancer. , Cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens have revolutionized the treatment of testicular cancer, and consequently…

Introduction Partial cystectomy is an uncommonly performed procedure with oncologic and functional indications that determine surgical approach. Because of the risk of tumor spillage with urothelial cancers, it is rarely…

Radical cystectomy for the treatment of muscle-invasive or high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer must include extended lymphadenectomy to improve pathological staging and surveillance. When we refer to extended lymphadenectomy, it includes…

Introduction Prior to recent advancements in surgical technology, open adrenalectomy was the gold standard for benign and malignant adrenal diseases. With the introduction of laparoscopy, surgeons began to transition to…

Introduction Open kidney transplantation (OKT) is considered the gold standard treatment for end-stage renal disease as it is able to achieve a greater survival rate and a better quality of…

Introduction Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5% to 10% of urothelial cancer, with approximately 60% muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. Extirpative surgery, traditionally open nephroureterectomy, was…

Introduction Pyeloplasty offers the best long-term cure for patients with pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. Before the advent of laparoscopic renal surgery, endopyelotomy was the most popular treatment method due to…

Introduction Partial nephrectomy is now considered the treatment of choice in all small renal tumors when technically feasible, because long-term oncologic outcomes are equivalent to radical nephrectomy while preserving renal…

Introduction Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is indicated for the treatment of small renal masses, and the technique for NSS has transitioned from open to the minimally invasive approach. Although the initial…