Introduction Splenic flexure mobilization is an integral part of total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer and for segmental resection of splenic flexure, distal transverse colon, and proximal descending colon…

Introduction Ureteral strictures may arise from a multitude of etiologies including ischemia, iatrogenic trauma, noniatrogenic trauma, retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), radiation, malignancy, or ureteral calculi. Surgical reconstruction is necessary to preserve…

Introduction Robot-assisted right and transverse colectomy is rapidly gaining popularity among surgeons as the preferred approach for treatment of ascending and transverse colon cancers. This is partly due to the…

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical condition characterized by repeated nocturnal episodes of complete or partial airflow reduction. This leads to nocturnal desaturations, sympathetic overdrive, and cortical…

Introduction In a previously irradiated patient, salvage surgery remains the main, if not only, curative option for recurrent or residual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx. Traditionally, a large…

Introduction Since its US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2009, the utility of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) as a minimally invasive technique has continued to expand. Initially approved…

Introduction Thyroidectomy is commonly performed through a transcervical approach, a technique first described by Theodor Billroth in the late 19th century. , Since that early description, technological advancement and its…

Introduction Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has evolved from the endeavor of head and neck surgeons to perform minimally invasive targeted resection of lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract. Transoral resection…

Introduction In the field of male reproductive surgery, optical magnification is crucial due to the microscopic anatomic structures. The microsurgeon gains advantages with tools and technology for ease of use…

Introduction Hysterectomy is the second most frequently performed surgical procedure after cesarean section for women who are of reproductive age in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease…