1. Amebiasis
2. Anthrax
3. Ascariasis
4. Bacterial meningitis and meningo-encephalitis:
4.1. With specified etiology
4.1.1. Pneumococcal
4.1.2. Streptococcal
4.1.3. Haemophilus influenzae
4.1.4. Other bacteria
4.2. With unspecified etiology
5. Botulism
6. Brucellosis
7. Rabies
8. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
9. Smallpox
10. Chickenpox
11. Viral meningitis and meningo-encephalitis
12. Viral haemorrhagic fevers:
12.1. Ebola and Marburg fever
12.2. Lassa fever
12.3. Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever
12.4. Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
13. Viral hepatitis:
13.1. Acute viral hepatitis types A, B, C, D, unidentified
13.2. Chronic viral hepatitis type B, C, D
14. Gastroenteritis, enterocolitis
15. Gonococcal infection
16. Influenza and acute respiratory infections (ARI)
17. Shigellosis
18. Diphtheria
19. Mumps
20. Echinococcosis
21. Yellow fever
22. Yersiniosis
23. Campylobacteriosis
24. Pertussis
25. Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli infection
26. Typhoid fever
27. Cryptosporidiosis
28. Q fever
29. Lyme borreliosis
30. Leishmaniosis, visceral
31. Lambliosis
32. Legionellosis
33. Leptospirosis
34. Listeriosis
35. Malaria
36. Marseilles fever (Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF))
37. Meningococcal infection (meningo-coccal meningitis and sepsis)
38. Measles
39. Ornithosis
40. Spotted fever
41. Poliomyelitis
41.1. Acute Flaccid Paralysis
42. Rubella
42.1. Congenital rubella
43. Salmonellosis
44. Syndrome of acquired immune deficiency (AIDS) and HIV infection
45. Syphilis
46. Scarlet fever
47. Streptococcus pneumoniae, invasive infection
48. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
49. Tapeworm infection (Taenia solium, Taenia saginata, Hymenolepis nana, and Diphyllobothrium latum)
50. Tetanus
51. Toxoplasmosis
52. Trichinosis
53. Tuberculosis
54. Tularaemia
55. Haemophilus influenzae type B invasive infection
56. Chlamydia trachomatis, genital infection
57. Cholera
58. Plague
The data for morbidity of the most important communicable diseases for the country is published in the weekly epidemiological bulletin (Table 8.2), published by the National Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases.
Table 8.2
Epidemiological bulletin list
Anthrax | Lyme borreliosis |
Bacterial meningitis and meningo-encephalitis | Legionellosis |
Botulism | Leptospirosis |
Brucellosis | Listeriosis |
Chickenpox | Marseilles fever (Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF)) |
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever | Meningococcal infection (meningo-coccal meningitis and sepsis) |
Viral meningitis and meningo-encephalitis | Ornithosis |
Gastroenteritis, enterocolitis | Acute viral hepatitis types A, B, C, D |
Congenital rubella | Rubella |
Shigellosis | Salmonellosis |
Mumps | Scarlet fever |
Pertussis | Tetanus |
Yersiniosis | Tularaemia |
Campylobacteriosis | Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome |
E. coli enterocolitis | Chronic viral hepatitis type B, C, D |
Typhoid fever |
Contrary to the existing infectious diseases list, Bulgarian authorities do not have an established official list of potential agents for bioterrorism. In a recent publication we have proposed a list of bio-agents (Table 8.3) which represent a potential threat for Bulgarian citizens in case of bioterrorism, taking into account the following criteria [5]:
Table 8.3
Proposed list of bio-agents which represent a potential threat for Bulgarian citizens in case of bioterrorism
Bacterial agents | Viral agents | Biological toxins |
|---|---|---|
B. anthracis | SARS CoV | Botulinum toxin |
Brucella spp. | H5N1 | Ricin |
B. mallei | H1N1 | SEB |
B. pseudomallei | Orthopox virus | T-2 mycotoxins |
Y. pestis | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | |
F. tularensis | Haemorrhagic fever viruses | |
V. cholera | ||
Rickettsia | C. burnetii |
Bulgaria’s geographical position;
The immunization calendar of the country; and
The implementation of commitments to peacekeeping and other missions.
This lack of official position on the threat of biological agents needs to be further clarified. Until very recently according to the Bulgarian authorities there was no risk of terrorism in the country, including risk of bioterrorism. This attitude is changing and the new position of the government is that Bulgaria faces the risks and threats common to the Euro-Atlantic area which include terrorism and weapons of mass destruction.
The new National Security Strategy of the Republic of Bulgaria (NSS), adopted by the National Assembly on 25 February 2011, states that “risks and threats (including bioterrorism) to the security of the Republic of Bulgaria and its citizens largely coincide or are similar to those that threaten other EU countries and NATO” [4].
The strategy gives special attention to asymmetric threats, especially international terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and their impact on security in a global and regional context. The document underlines the increasing possibilities of the use of radioactive materials, toxic substances and biological agents, as well as access to information databases and technology for the combat of terrorism.
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