Cancer

12 Cancer




Concepts of cancer chemotherapy




Chemotherapy


Cancer chemotherapy is the use of drugs to inhibit the rate of growth of, or to kill, cancerous cells while having minimal effects on non-neoplastic host cells.


In a fashion similar to antimicrobial chemotherapy, the ideal anti-cancer drugs target malignant cells in preference to non-malignant cells. This is achieved by exploiting the molecular differences between them.



The most striking difference between cancerous and non-cancerous cells is their accelerated rate of cell division. This remains the main target for therapeutic intervention at present, though newer drugs are being developed which recognize other molecular differences.


The chemotherapeutic techniques currently used include:





Cancers differ in their sensitivity to chemotherapy, from the very sensitive (e.g. lymphomas, testicular carcinomas) where complete clinical cures can be achieved, to the resistant (generally solid tumours, e.g. colorectal, squamous cell bronchial carcinoma).


A diagnosis of cancer carries a significant social and emotional impact. Hair loss and sickness are more often the initial concern for patients, rather than other potentially serious side-effects of chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting should be taken seriously in cancer management, as these can have a devastating impact on quality of life; antiemetic drugs are discussed in Chapter 8.



Cytotoxic chemotherapy







Cytotoxic agents


Cytotoxic agents, the major group of anticancer drugs, include the:










Apr 8, 2017 | Posted by in PHARMACY | Comments Off on Cancer

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