Bromine and Bromine-Releasing Biocides Jonathan N. Howarth Michael S. Harvey Bromine disinfectant products have widespread commercial use. This chapter will be dedicated to those compounds that contain or release bromine…
Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds Nancy A. Falk Marisa Macnaughtan Atefeh Taheri William McCormick Although chlorine is one of the most widely distributed elements on earth, it is not found in…
Antimicrobial Dyes Mark Wainwright Man’s need to color his environment, and often himself, has been felt since prehistoric times, as might be seen in ancient cave paintings and the tradition,…
Essential Oils Katherine A. Hammer Christine F. Carson This chapter describes the use of essential oil products for antisepsis and disinfection. Essential oils are plant-derived, volatile, multicomponent liquids that are…
Ultraviolet Disinfection Ernest R. Blatchley III Thomas P. Coohill Downes and Blunt1,2,3 conducted a series of logical, ordered experiments to examine the behavior of bacteria and fungi when exposed to…
Acids and Alkalis Md Ramim Tanver Rahman Luyan Z. Ma Mohammad Shafiur Rahman The word acid originates from the Latin word acere and essentially means to taste sour, associated with…
Kinetics of the Inactivation of Microorganisms Alfredo C. Rodríguez This chapter considers the changes in the number of survivors (individual microorganisms capable of reproduction) with time. It is often applied…
Nonionizing Radiation: Microwave Radiation, Infrared Radiation, and Pulsed Light Mark A. Smith Electromagnetic radiation has proven to be effective for disinfection or sterilization for many applications. Effectiveness of such methods…
Importance and Processes of Cleaning Rizwan Sharnez The purpose of cleaning a device or equipment is to render it suitable for further processing or for its intended use. From a…
