Wound Care
Key points • Issues with wound healing in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) relate to innate inability to repair the barrier, defective angiogenesis, abnormal microbial colonization, and a prolonged inflammatory…
Skin Barrier Repair
Key points • Moisturizers help with skin barrier repair and continue to be the mainstay of maintenance treatment and prevention of flares in atopic dermatitis (AD). • Though greasier moisturizer…
Topical Therapies
Key points • Optimal bathing practices can improve atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms and limit disease flares. Best practices include daily bathing for less than 10 minutes in lukewarm water, utilizing…
Therapeutic Guideline Overview
Key points • Multiple clinical guidelines, consensus statements, and expert management recommendations have been published for atopic dermatitis. • Most prominent guidelines are from the American Academy of Dermatology and…
Microvasculature
Key points • Cutaneous microcirculation, a type of microvasculature situated just below the epidermis, is composed of major components of blood vessels (arterioles and venules) and lymphatic vessels. • The…
Skin-Gut-Lung Epithelial Permeability
Key points • The atopic march is a phenomenon characterized by progressive development of atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and later asthma. • The mechanism by which atopic dermatitis…
Clinical Evidence: Internal Factors
Key points • Less than 50% of patients affected with atopic dermatitis have a genetic mutation of the skin barrier protein, filaggrin. Thus additional contributing factors, barrier defects, and beyond…
Neurosensory Mechanisms
Key points • Both itch and pain are very frequent symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis, with a prevalence of more than 50%. • Patients with atopic dermatitis show neuronal…
Keratinocytes
Key points • Epidermis is the outermost layer of skin surface that forms the first line of defense against invaders from the environment. Keratinocyte is the epidermis’s principle cell type…
Cellular Factors
Key points • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with various types of leukocytes involved in its pathology. • Multiple subsets of CD4 + helper T cells, which are…
