CASE 62
A 45-year-old white homosexual man was brought by his partner to the emergency department of a general hospital because of fever, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and mental status changes that had been progressive over the course of the past 2 weeks.
LABORATORY STUDIES
Diagnostic Work-Up
Table 62-1 lists the likely causes of the patient’s illness (differential diagnosis). A clinical diagnosis of meningitis was considered. However, microbiologic diagnosis based on clinical evidence alone is difficult. Investigational approach may include
TABLE 62-1 Differential Diagnosis and Rationale for Inclusion (consideration)
Rationale: Classic bacterial meningitis usually has a more acute and severe presentation than is described in this case. In patients with AIDS, Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common cause of meningitis. Tuberculosis is also an important consideration, because it is much more common in AIDS patients than in other populations. Other fungi are uncommon causes of meningitis. Brain abscess will often have associated focal neurologic findings. Syphilis is always a consideration, especially in AIDS, although it often manifests more indolently. Viral causes would not be expected to last this long. Other causes should always be considered, even though clinically, those possibilities are difficult to distinguish.
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