Autoimmunity of the Nervous System
Autoimmunity of the Nervous System Myasthenia gravis (MG) Presentation Patients complain of double vision, muscle weakness, and fatigue (worse later in the day). Ptosis and diplopia are typical signs. Examination…
Autoimmunity and the Endocrine System
Autoimmunity and the Endocrine System Classification of autoimmune thyroid disease Autoimmune hyperthyroidism Graves’ disease Autoimmune thyroiditis Hashimoto’s thyroiditis Post-partum thyroiditis Atrophic thyroiditis Graves’ disease Presentation Usually presents with thyrotoxicosis and…
Secondary Immuno-Deficiency and other Host-Defence Syndromes
Secondary Immuno-Deficiency and other Host-Defence Syndromes Introduction Many disease states have been associated with immune dysfunction of varying degrees of severity and significance; some rare secondary disorders have already been…
Primary Immunodeficiency
Primary Immunodeficiency Introduction In general, immunodeficiencies are divided into those of the specific immune system (e.g. T cells or B cells) or those of the innate or nonspecific immune system…
Fasciotomy
Fasciotomy Kenneth B. Simon Strong fascial envelopes surround major muscle groups, dividing them into compartments. Hemorrhage or edema within a compartment causes the pressure within this closed space to rise…
Femoropopliteal Bypass
Femoropopliteal Bypass Kenneth B. Simon A variety of conduits have been used to bypass obstructed segments of the femoropopliteal system. Autogenous saphenous vein is the graft preferred by most surgeons….
Venous Access: Saphenous Vein Cutdown
Venous Access: Saphenous Vein Cutdown The greater saphenous vein is an anatomically constant vein that is easily cannulated for emergency venous access. The saphenous vein at the ankle is constant,…
Ligation, Stripping, and Harvesting of the Saphenous Vein
Ligation, Stripping, and Harvesting of the Saphenous Vein Jamal J. Hoballah This chapter covers excision of the greater and lesser saphenous veins first for management of varicosities and second for…
Above-knee Amputation
Above-knee Amputation Above-knee amputation is performed when it is not possible to save the knee joint because of the extent of injury or ischemic damage. Generally, the longer the stump,…
Below-knee Amputation
Below-knee Amputation Most amputations are performed for ischemia. The choice of the level of amputation requires mature judgment. Although it is important to salvage as much length as possible, a…
