Miscellaneous Conditions Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by non-caseating granulomata. Presentation Common presentations include: asymptomatic bihilar lymphadenopathy erythema nodosum, arthritis, and hilar lymphadenopathy (Löfgren’s syndrome) uveo-parotid fever (von…
Transplantation Stem cell transplantation (HSCT) 1: clinical indications and types of HSCT Clinical indications Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): all types (see Chapter 1). Combined immunodeficiency where there is reason to…
Vasculitis Causes of vasculitis The term ‘vasculitis’ implies inflammation affecting predominantly the blood vessels. The effects of the process depend on the location of the inflammatory change and the size…
Connective Tissue Disease Rheumatoid arthritis: aetiology, clinical features, and immunopathology Aetiology RhA is a multisystem disease in which arthritis is a major component. An infectious trigger has been sought for…
Autoimmune Eye Disease Overview The eye has a number of interesting immunological properties which alter the propensity for immune-mediated disease, including the curious feature that antigen injected into the anterior…
Allergic Disease Introduction Allergic diseases are common: it has been estimated that 15% of the population will suffer from some sort of allergic reaction during their lifetime. It is clear…
Autoimmune Skin Disorders Overview The skin is a very easy organ in which to investigate autoimmune disease, due to its accessibility for biopsy (see Box 10.1). Autoantibodies can be detected…
Autoimmune Haematological Disorders Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) Presentation ITP can occur at any age and is characterized by thrombocytopenia, with increased marrow megakaryocytes, and shortened platelet survival. Presentation is usually with…
Autoimmunity in Liver Disease Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) Presentation PBC is a disease of older women (90% of patients are female). Clinical features include initially: profound fatigue starting in the…
Autoimmunity in Gastrointestinal Disease Autoimmune enteropathy Autoantibodies against gut enterocytes have been associated with: Coeliac-like enteropathy (DQ2 positive), unresponsive to gluten-free diet, with villous atrophy. IPEX syndrome (see Chapters 1…
