Leiomyomas primary to the lung are rare endobronchial or parenchymal neoplasms. Endobronchial leiomyomas may present with obstructive symptoms. Differential diagnosis includes hamartomas, low-grade leiomyosarcomas (primary and metastatic), spindle-cell carcinoid, and solitary fibrous tumor.

Pulmonary lipomas are rare predominantly endobronchial neoplasms that may, due to their polypoid nature, occlude the bronchial lumen. Differential diagnosis includes lipomatous hamartoma.

Chondromas are benign tumors composed of hyaline cartilage. They have been reported in association with the Carney triad, which consists of gastric stroma sarcoma, paraganglioma, and pulmonary chondroma. They are generally asymptomatic and may present radiologically with “popcorn” calcification.

Primary pulmonary neural neoplasms include granular-cell tumor, schwannoma, neurofibroma, and ganglioneuroma. All of these are very rare as lung primaries. Meningioma primary in the lung is extremely rare, although minute meningothelial-like nodules (see Chapter 20) are common by comparison. Rarely, meningioma may metastasize to the lung. All of these tumors exhibit the same histopathology as neural and related tumors in other locations.