Lower limb

Lower limb

A

surface anatomy, from the front
B

dissection, from the front
C

dissection, from behind
D

dissection, from the lateral side
E

skeleton, from the lateral side

1

Adductors
2

Biceps femoris
3

Calcaneus
4

Femur
5

Fibula
6

Gastrocnemius
7

Gluteus maximus
8

Hamstrings
9

Hip bone
10

Inguinal ligament
11

Iliotibial tract
12

Metatarsal bones
13

Patella
14

Phalanges of toes
15

Peroneus (fibularis)
16

Quadriceps
17

Tibia

Left hip bone

lateral surface

1

Acetabular notch
2

Acetabulum
3

Anterior gluteal line
4

Anterior inferior iliac spine
5

Anterior superior iliac spine
6

Body of ilium
7

Body of ischium
8

Body of pubis
9

Greater sciatic notch
10

Iliac crest
11

Iliopubic eminence
12

Inferior gluteal line
13

Inferior ramus of pubis
14

Ischial spine
15

Ischial tuberosity
16

Joint between 25 and 13
17

Lesser sciatic notch
18

Obturator crest
19

Obturator foramen
20

Obturator groove
21

Posterior gluteal line
22

Posterior inferior iliac spine
23

Posterior superior iliac spine
24

Pubic tubercle
25

Ramus of ischium
26

Rim of acetabulum
27

Superior ramus of pubis
28

Tubercle of iliac crest

The hip (innominate) bone is formed by the union of the ilium (6), ischium (7) and pubis (8).

The two hip bones articulate in the midline anteriorly at the pubic symphysis; posteriorly they are separated by the sacrum, forming the sacro-iliac joints. The two hip bones with the sacrum and coccyx constitute the pelvis (see page 96 ).

Left hip bone

attachments, lateral surface

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green lines, capsular attachment of hip joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Adductor brevis
2

Adductor longus
3

Adductor magnus
4

External oblique
5

Gluteus maximus
6

Gluteus medius
7

Gluteus minimus
8

Gracilis
9

Iliofemoral ligament
10

Inguinal ligament
11

Ischiofemoral ligament
12

Obturator externus
13

Piriformis
14

Quadratus femoris
15

Reflected head of rectus femoris
16

Sartorius
17

Semimembranosus
18

Semitendinosus and long head of biceps femoris
19

Straight head of rectus femoris
20

Superior gemellus
21

Tensor fasciae latae
22

Transverse ligament

Left hip bone

medial surface

1

Anterior inferior iliac spine
2

Anterior superior iliac spine
3

Arcuate line
4

Auricular surface
5

Body of ischium
6

Body of pubis
7

Greater sciatic notch
8

Iliac crest
9

Iliac fossa
10

Iliac tuberosity
11

Iliopubic eminence
12

Ischial spine
13

Ischial tuberosity
14

Ischiopubic ramus
15

Lesser sciatic notch
16

Obturator foramen
17

Obturator groove
18

Pecten of pubis (pectineal line)
19

Posterior inferior iliac spine
20

Posterior superior iliac spine
21

Pubic crest
22

Pubic tubercle
23

Superior ramus of pubis

The auricular surface of the ilium (4) is the articular surface for the sacro-iliac joint.

The greater sciatic notch (7) is more hooked (J-shaped) in the male, whereas the female notch is more right-angled (L-shaped).

Left hip bone

attachments, medial surface

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green line, capsular attachment of sacro-iliac joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Coccygeus and sacrospinous ligament
2

Erector spinae
3

Falciform process of sacrotuberous ligament
4

Iliacus
5

Iliolumbar ligament
6

Inferior gemellus
7

Inguinal ligament
8

Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament
9

Levator ani
10

Obturator internus
11

Psoas minor
12

Pubic symphysis
13

Quadratus lumborum
14

Sacrotuberous ligament
15

Sartorius
16

Sphincter urethrae
17

Straight head of rectus femoris
18

Superficial transverse perineal and ischiocavernosus
19

Transversus abdominis

Left hip bone

from above

1

Anterior inferior iliac spine
2

Anterior superior iliac spine
3

Arcuate line
4

Auricular surface
5

Iliac crest
6

Iliac fossa
7

Iliopubic eminence
8

Ischial spine
9

Pecten of pubis (pectineal line)
10

Posterior inferior iliac spine
11

Posterior superior iliac spine
12

Pubic crest
13

Pubic tubercle
14

Tubercle of iliac crest

The arcuate line on the ilium (3) and the pecten and crest of the pubis (9 and 12) form part of the brim of the pelvis (the rest of the brim being formed by the promontory and upper surface of the lateral part of the sacrum – see pages 94 and 96 ).

The pecten of the pubis (9) is more commonly called the pectineal line.

Left hip bone

attachments, from above

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green line, capsular attachment of sacro-iliac joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Anterior wall of rectus sheath
2

Conjoint tendon
3

External oblique
4

Iliacus
5

Iliofemoral ligament
6

Iliolumbar ligament
7

Inguinal ligament
8

Internal oblique
9

Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament
10

Lacunar ligament
11

Lateral head of rectus abdominis
12

Medial head of rectus abdominis
13

Pectineal ligament
14

Pectineus
15

Psoas minor
16

Pyramidalis
17

Quadratus lumborum
18

Straight head of rectus femoris
19

Transversus abdominis

The inguinal ligament (7) is formed by the lower border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, and extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle.

The lacunar ligament (10, sometimes called the pectineal part of the inguinal ligament) is the part of the inguinal ligament that extends backwards from the medial end of the inguinal ligament to the pecten of the pubis.

The pectineal ligament (13) is the lateral extension of the lacunar ligament along the pecten. It is not classified as a part of the inguinal ligament, and must not be confused with the alternative name for the lacunar ligament, i.e. with the pectineal part of the inguinal ligament.

The conjoint tendon (2) is formed by the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus muscles, and is attached to the pubic crest and the adjoining part of the pecten, blending medially with the anterior wall of the rectus sheath.

A

Left hip bone

ischial tuberosity, from behind and below

1

Acetabular notch
2

Acetabulum
3

Ischial spine
4

Ischiopubic ramus
5

Lesser sciatic notch
6

Longitudinal ridge
7

Lower part of tuberosity
8

Obturator groove
9

Rim of acetabulum
10

Transverse ridge
11

Upper part of tuberosity

B

Left hip bone

from the front

1

Acetabular notch
2

Anterior inferior iliac spine
3

Anterior superior iliac spine
4

Body of pubis
5

Iliac fossa
6

Iliopubic eminence
7

Ischial tuberosity
8

Ischiopubic ramus
9

Obturator crest
10

Obturator foramen
11

Obturator groove
12

Pecten of pubis (pectineal line)
13

Pubic crest
14

Pubic tubercle
15

Rim of acetabulum
16

Tubercle of iliac crest

A

Left hip bone

attachments, ischial tuberosity, from behind and below

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green line, capsular attachment of hip joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Adductor magnus
2

Inferior gemellus
3

Ischiofemoral ligament
4

Semimembranosus
5

Semitendinosus and long head of biceps femoris
6

Superior gemellus

The area on the ischial tuberosity medial to the adductor magnus attachment (1) is covered by fibrofatty tissue and the ischial bursa underlying gluteus maximus.

B

Left hip bone

attachments, from the front

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green line, capsular attachment of hip joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Adductor brevis
2

Adductor longus
3

Adductor magnus
4

Conjoint tendon
5

External oblique and inguinal ligament
6

Gracilis
7

Iliofemoral ligament
8

Inguinal ligament
9

Internal oblique
10

Lacunar ligament
11

Lateral head of rectus abdominis
12

Medial head of rectus abdominis
13

Obturator externus
14

Pectineal ligament
15

Pectineus
16

Psoas minor
17

Pubofemoral ligament
18

Pyramidalis
19

Quadratus femoris
20

Rectus sheath
21

Reflected head of rectus femoris
22

Sartorius
23

Semimembranosus
24

Straight head of rectus femoris
25

Transverse ligament
26

Transversus abdominis

Left femur

upper end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from the medial side

1

Fovea of head
2

Greater trochanter
3

Head
4

Intertrochanteric line
5

Lesser trochanter
6

Neck
7

Pectineal line
8

Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest
9

Shaft
10

Spiral line
11

Trochanteric fossa

The intertrochanteric line (4) is at the junction of the neck (6) and shaft (9) on the anterior surface; the intertrochanteric crest is in a similar position on the posterior surface (8, and page 304 , A5).

The neck makes an angle with the shaft of about 125° in an adult.

The pectineal line of the femur (7) must not be confused with the pectineal line (pecten) of the pubis (9, page 298 ), nor with the spiral line of the femur (10) which is usually more prominent than the pectineal line.

Left femur

attachments, upper end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from the medial side

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green line, capsular attachment of hip joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Gluteus medius
2

Gluteus minimus
3

Iliofemoral ligament
4

Ligament of head of femur
5

Obturator externus
6

Obturator internus and gemelli
7

Piriformis
8

Psoas major and iliacus
9

Quadratus femoris
10

Vastus intermedius
11

Vastus lateralis
12

Vastus medialis

The iliofemoral ligament has the shape of an inverted V, with the stem attached to the anterior inferior iliac spine of the hip bone ( page 301 , B7), and the lateral and medial bands attached to the upper (lateral) and lower (medial) ends of the intertrochanteric line ( page 304 , 6), blending with the capsule of the hip joint.

The tendon of psoas major is attached to the lesser trochanter ( page 304 , 8); many of the muscle fibres of iliacus are inserted into the psoas tendon but some reach the femur below the trochanter.

Left femur

upper end
- A
  
  from behind
- B
  
  from the lateral side
- C
  
  from above

1

Adductor tubercle at lower end
2

Gluteal tuberosity
3

Greater trochanter
4

Head
5

Intertrochanteric crest
6

Intertrochanteric line
7

Lateral condyle at lower end
8

Lesser trochanter
9

Linea aspera
10

Medial condyle at lower end
11

Neck
12

Quadrate tubercle
13

Spiral line
14

Trochanteric fossa

The neck of the femur passes forwards as well as upwards and medially (C11), making an angle of about 15° (in the adult) with the transverse axis of the lower end (the angle of femoral torsion or femoral anteversion).

The lesser trochanter (8) projects backwards and medially.

A

from behind
B

from the lateral side
C

from above

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green line, capsular attachment of hip joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Adductor brevis
2

Adductor magnus
3

Gluteus maximus
4

Gluteus medius
5

Gluteus minimus
6

Iliofemoral ligament (lateral band)
7

Obturator externus
8

Obturator internus and gemelli
9

Pectineus
10

Piriformis
11

Psoas major and iliacus
12

Quadratus femoris
13

Vastus intermedius
14

Vastus lateralis
15

Vastus medialis

On the front of the femur ( page 303 ) the capsule of the hip joint is attached to the intertrochanteric line, but at the back the capsule is attached to the neck of the femur and does not extend as far laterally as the intertrochanteric crest ( page 304 , A5).

A

Left femur

shaft, from behind

1

Gluteal tuberosity
2

Lateral supracondylar line
3

Lesser trochanter
4

Linea aspera
5

Medial supracondylar line
6

Pectineal line

The rough linea aspera (4) often shows distinct medial and lateral lips; the lateral lip continues upwards as the gluteal tuberosity (1).

B

Left femur

attachments, shaft, from behind

1

Adductor brevis
2

Adductor longus
3

Adductor magnus
4

Gluteus maximus
5

Pectineus
6

Psoas major and iliacus
7

Quadratus femoris
8

Short head of biceps femoris
9

Vastus intermedius
10

Vastus lateralis
11

Vastus medialis

For diagrammatic clarity, the muscle attachments to the linea aspera have been slightly separated.

C

Left femur

upper end, from the front

This is the posterior half of a cleared and bisected specimen, to show the major groups of bone trabeculae.

1

Calcar femorale
2

From lateral surface of shaft to greater trochanter
3

From lateral surface of shaft to head
4

From medial surface of shaft to greater trochanter
5

From medial surface of shaft to head
6

Triangular area of few trabeculae

The calcar femorale (1) is a dense concentration of trabeculae passing from the region of the lesser trochanter to the under-surface of the neck.

Left patella

A

anterior surface
B

articular (posterior) surface

1

Apex
2

Base
3

Facet for lateral condyle of femur
4

Facet for medial condyle of femur
5

Vertical ridge

Left patella

attachments
- C
  
  anterior surface
- D
  
  articular (posterior) surface

Pale green line, ligament attachment

1

Area for infrapatellar fat pad
2

Area for medial condyle in extreme flexion
3

Facets for femur in extension
4

Facets for femur in flexion
5

Patellar ligament
6

Rectus femoris of quadriceps tendon
7

Vastus intermedius of quadriceps tendon
8

Vastus lateralis of quadriceps tendon
9

Vastus medialis of quadriceps tendon

Left femur and patella

articulated
- E
  
  from below with knee extended
- F
  
  from below and behind with knee flexed

In flexion, note the increased area of contact between the medial condyle of the femur (2) and the patella.

1

Lateral condyle
2

Medial condyle

The most medial facet of the patella (D2) only comes into contact with the medial condyle in extreme flexion as in F.

Left femur

lower end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from the medial side
- D
  
  from the lateral side

1

Adductor tubercle
2

Groove for popliteus tendon
3

Impression for lateral head of gastrocnemius
4

Intercondylar fossa
5

Lateral condyle
6

Lateral epicondyle
7

Lateral supracondylar line
8

Medial condyle
9

Medial epicondyle
10

Medial supracondylar line
11

Patellar surface
12

Popliteal surface

A

from the front
B

from behind
C

from the medial side
D

from the lateral side

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green line, capsular attachment of knee joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Adductor magnus
2

Anterior cruciate ligament
3

Articularis genu
4

Fibular collateral ligament
5

Lateral head of gastrocnemius
6

Medial head of gastrocnemius
7

Plantaris
8

Popliteus
9

Posterior cruciate ligament
10

Short head of biceps femoris
11

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
12

Vastus intermedius
13

Vastus medialis

Left tibia

upper end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind

1

Anterior border
2

Articular facet for fibula
3

Groove for semimembranosus
4

Impression for iliotibial tract
5

Interosseous border
6

Lateral condyle
7

Lateral surface
8

Medial border
9

Medial condyle
10

Medial surface
11

Posterior surface
12

Soleal line
13

Tubercles of intercondylar eminence
14

Tuberosity
15

Vertical line

The shaft of the tibia has three borders: anterior (1), medial (8) and interosseous (5) – and three surfaces: medial (10), lateral (7) and posterior (11).

Much of the anterior border (1) forms a slightly curved crest commonly known as the shin. Most of the smooth medial surface (10) is subcutaneous. The posterior surface contains the soleal and vertical lines (12 and 15).

The tuberosity (14) is at the upper end of the anterior border.

Left tibia

attachments, upper end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green line, capsular attachment of knee joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Flexor digitorum longus
2

Gracilis
3

Iliotibial tract
4

Patellar ligament
5

Popliteus
6

Posterior cruciate ligament
7

Sartorius
8

Semimembranosus
9

Semitendinosus
10

Soleus
11

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
12

Tibialis anterior
13

Tibialis posterior
14

Vastus medialis

INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE – TIBIA – FIBULA

1

Anterior border of fibula
2

Anterior border of tibia
3

Biceps femoris tendon
4

Fibula
5

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
6

Gerdy’s tubercle
7

Iliotibial tract
8

Inferior articular surface
9

Interosseous membrane
10

Lateral malleolus
11

Lateral surface of fibula
12

Lateral surface of tibia
13

Medial (deltoid) ligament of ankle
14

Medial condyle
15

Medial malleolus
16

Medial surface of tibia
17

Neck of fibula
18

Patellar ligament
19

Tibia
20

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
21

Tibial tuberosity

Left tibia

upper end
- A
  
  from the medial side
- B
  
  from the lateral side
- C
  
  from above

1

Anterior border
2

Anterior intercondylar area
3

Articular facet for fibula
4

Groove for semimembranosus
5

Interosseous border
6

Lateral condyle
7

Lateral surface
8

Medial border
9

Medial condyle
10

Medial surface
11

Posterior intercondylar area
12

Posterior surface
13

Soleal line
14

Tubercles of intercondylar eminence
15

Tuberosity

The medial condyle (C9) is larger than the lateral condyle (C6).

The articular facet for the fibula is on the postero-inferior aspect of the lateral condyle (B3).

Left tibia

attachments, upper end
- A
  
  from the medial side
- B
  
  from the lateral side
- C
  
  from above

Blue lines, epiphysial lines

Green lines, capsular attachments of knee joint and superior tibiofibular joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Anterior cruciate ligament
2

Anterior horn of lateral meniscus
3

Anterior horn of medial meniscus
4

Extensor digitorum longus
5

Gracilis
6

Iliotibial tract
7

Interosseous membrane
8

Patellar ligament
9

Peroneus (fibularis) longus
10

Popliteus
11

Posterior cruciate ligament
12

Posterior horn of lateral meniscus
13

Posterior horn of medial meniscus
14

Sartorius
15

Semimembranosus
16

Semitendinosus
17

Soleus
18

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
19

Tibialis anterior
20

Tibialis posterior
21

Vastus medialis

Left tibia

lower end

Left tibia

attachments, lower end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from the medial side
- D
  
  from the lateral side
- E
  
  from the front
- F
  
  from behind
- G
  
  from the medial side
- H
  
  from the lateral side

Blue line, epiphysial line

Green line, capsular attachment of ankle joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachment

1

Anterior surface
2

Fibular notch
3

Groove for flexor hallucis longus
4

Groove for tibialis posterior
5

Interosseous border
6

Medial malleolus
7

Medial surface
8

Posterior surface

1

Inferior transverse ligament
2

Interosseous ligament
3

Interosseous membrane
4

Medial collateral ligament
5

Posterior tibiofibular ligament

The medial collateral ligament (G4) is commonly known as the deltoid ligament.

Left tibia and fibula

articulated
- A
  
  proximal ends from behind
- B
  
  proximal ends from above
- C
  
  proximal end of fibula from above
- D
  
  distal ends from behind
- E
  
  distal ends from below

1

Apex of head (styloid process)
2

Articular facet (for superior tibiofibular joint)
3

Articular facet of lateral malleolus (for ankle joint)
4

Head of fibula
5

Inferior surface of tibia (for ankle joint)
6

Inferior tibiofibular joint
7

Lateral (articular) surface of medial malleolus (for ankle joint)
8

Lateral condyle of tibia
9

Lateral malleolus
10

Malleolar fossa
11

Medial malleolus
12

Superior tibiofibular joint

The superior tibiofibular joint (A12) is synovial.

The inferior tibiofibular joint (D6) is fibrous.

The lateral malleolus (D9) extends lower than the medial malleolus (D11).

Left fibula

proximal end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from the medial side
- D
  
  from the lateral side

1

Anterior border
2

Apex (styloid process)
3

Articular facet on upper surface
4

Head
5

Interosseous border
6

Lateral surface
7

Medial crest
8

Medial surface
9

Neck
10

Posterior border
11

Posterior surface

The fibula has three borders: anterior (A1), interosseous (A5) and posterior (B10) – and three surfaces: medial (A8), lateral (A6) and posterior (B11).

At first sight, much of the shaft appears to have four borders and four surfaces, but this is because the posterior surface (B11) is divided into two parts (medial and lateral) by the medial crest (B7).

Left fibula

distal end
- E
  
  from the front
- F
  
  from behind
- G
  
  from the medial side
- H
  
  from the lateral side

1

Anterior border
2

Articular surface of lateral malleolus
3

Groove for peroneus (fibularis) brevis
4

Interosseous border
5

Lateral malleolus
6

Lateral surface
7

Malleolar fossa
8

Medial crest
9

Medial surface
10

Posterior border
11

Posterior surface
12

Surface for interosseous ligament
13

Triangular subcutaneous area

Left fibula

attachments, proximal end
- A
  
  from the front
- B
  
  from behind
- C
  
  from the medial side
- D
  
  from the lateral side

Blue line, epiphysial line

Green line, capsular attachment of superior tibiofibular joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Biceps femoris
2

Extensor digitorum longus
3

Extensor hallucis longus
4

Fibular collateral ligament
5

Flexor hallucis longus
6

Interosseous membrane
7

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
8

Peroneus (fibularis) longus
9

Soleus
10

Tibialis posterior

Left fibula

attachments, distal end
- E
  
  from the front
- F
  
  from behind
- G
  
  from the medial side
- H
  
  from the lateral side

Blue line, epiphysial line

Green line, capsular attachment of ankle joint

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Anterior talofibular ligament
2

Calcaneofibular ligament
3

Extensor digitorum longus
4

Extensor hallucis longus
5

Flexor hallucis longus
6

Interosseous ligament
7

Interosseous membrane
8

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
9

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
10

Posterior talofibular ligament
11

Posterior tibiofibular ligament
12

Tibialis posterior

Bones of the left foot

A

from above (dorsum)
B

from below (plantar surface)

1

Anterior tubercle of calcaneus
2

Base of fifth metatarsal
3

Base of first metatarsal
4

Calcaneus
5

Cuboid
6

Distal phalanx of great toe
7

Distal phalanx of second toe
8

Groove on calcaneus for flexor hallucis longus
9

Groove on cuboid for peroneus (fibularis) longus
10

Groove on talus for flexor hallucis longus
11

Grooves for sesamoid bones in flexor hallucis brevis
12

Head of fifth metatarsal
13

Head of first metatarsal
14

Head of talus
15

Intermediate cuneiform
16

Lateral cuneiform
17

Lateral process of calcaneus
18

Lateral tubercle of talus
19

Medial cuneiform
20

Medial process of calcaneus
21

Medial tubercle of talus
22

Middle phalanx of second toe
23

Navicular
24

Neck of talus
25

Proximal phalanx of great toe
26

Proximal phalanx of second toe
27

Shaft of fifth metatarsal
28

Shaft of first metatarsal
29

Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
30

Trochlear surface of body of talus
31

Tuberosity of base of fifth metatarsal
32

Tuberosity of cuboid
33

Tuberosity of navicular

Bones of the left foot

attachments
- A
  
  from above
- B
  
  from below

Joint capsules and minor ligaments have been omitted.

Pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Abductor digiti minimi
2

Abductor hallucis
3

Adductor hallucis
4

Calcaneocuboid part of bifurcate ligament
5

Calcaneonavicular part of bifurcate ligament
6

Extensor digitorum brevis
7

Extensor digitorum longus
8

Extensor digitorum longus and brevis
9

Extensor hallucis brevis
10

Extensor hallucis longus
11

First dorsal interosseous
12

First plantar interosseous
13

Flexor accessorius (quadratus plantae)
14

Flexor digiti minimi brevis
15

Flexor digitorum brevis
16

Flexor digitorum longus
17

Flexor hallucis brevis
18

Flexor hallucis longus
19

Fourth dorsal interosseous
20

Long plantar ligament
21

Opponens digiti minimi (part of 14)
22

Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
23

Peroneus (fibularis) longus
24

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
25

Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament
26

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
27

Plantaris
28

Second dorsal interosseous
29

Second plantar interosseous
30

Tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
31

Third dorsal interosseous
32

Third plantar interosseous
33

Tibialis anterior
34

Tibialis posterior

Bones of the left foot

A

from the medial side
B

from the lateral side

1

Anterior tubercle of calcaneus
2

Cuboid
3

First metatarsal
4

Head of talus
5

Intermediate cuneiform
6

Lateral cuneiform
7

Lateral malleolar surface of talus
8

Lateral process of calcaneus
9

Lateral tubercle of talus
10

Medial cuneiform
11

Medial malleolar surface of talus
12

Medial process of calcaneus
13

Medial surface of calcaneus
14

Medial tubercle of talus
15

Navicular
16

Neck of talus
17

Peroneal (fibular) trochlea of calcaneus
18

Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus
19

Tarsal sinus
20

Tuberosity of base of fifth metatarsal
21

Tuberosity of navicular

Bones of the left foot

Left calcaneus
- A
  
  from above
- B
  
  from behind
Left talus
- C
  
  from below

1

Anterior calcanean articular surface of talus
2

Anterior talar articular surface of calcaneus
3

Groove of calcaneus for flexor hallucis longus
4

Groove of talus for flexor hallucis longus
5

Head of talus
6

Medial process of calcaneus
7

Middle calcanean articular surface of talus
8

Middle talar articular surface of calcaneus
9

Posterior calcanean articular surface of talus
10

Posterior surface of calcaneus
11

Posterior talar articular surface of calcaneus
12

Sulcus of calcaneus
13

Sulcus of talus
14

Surface of talus for plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
15

Sustentaculum tali of calcaneus

Left calcaneus, attachments
- D
  
  from above
- E
  
  from behind
Left talus, attachments
- F
  
  from below

Curved lines indicate corresponding articular surfaces: green, capsular attachment of talocalcanean (subtalar) and talocalcaneonavicular joints; pale green lines, ligament attachments

1

Area for bursa
2

Area for fibrofatty tissue
3

Calcaneocuboid part of bifurcate ligament
4

Calcaneofibular ligament
5

Calcaneonavicular part of bifurcate ligament
6

Cervical ligament
7

Extensor digitorum brevis
8

Inferior extensor retinaculum
9

Interosseous talocalcanean (cervical) ligament
10

Lateral talocalcanean ligament
11

Medial talocalcanean ligament
12

Plantaris
13

Tendocalcaneus (Achilles tendon)
14

Tibiocalcanean part of deltoid ligament

The interosseous talocalcanean (cervical) ligament (9) is formed by thickening of the adjacent capsules of the talocalcanean and talocalcaneonavicular joints.

For different interpretations of the term ‘subtalar joint’ see the notes on page 358 .

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Tags: Abrahams' and McMinn's Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy

Nov 8, 2019 | Posted by drzezo in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE | Comments Off

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Lower limb

Lower limb

Left hip bone

Left hip bone

Left hip bone

Left hip bone

Left hip bone

Left hip bone

A

Left hip bone

B

Left hip bone

A

Left hip bone

B

Left hip bone

Left femur

Left femur

Left femur

A

Left femur

B

Left femur

C

Left femur

Left patella

Left patella

Left femur and patella

Left femur

Left tibia

Left tibia

Left tibia

Left tibia

Left tibia

Left tibia

Left tibia and fibula

Left fibula

Left fibula

Left fibula

Left fibula

Bones of the left foot

Bones of the left foot

Bones of the left foot

Bones of the left foot

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