Liver Biopsy—Open and Laparoscopic



Liver Biopsy—Open and Laparoscopic





Liver biopsy is generally performed as part of another procedure in order to document pathology. Common indications include nodules suggestive of metastatic disease or the unexpected finding of hepatic cirrhosis. Wedge resection, which is also included in this chapter, may be used to remove a small benign lesion from the edge of the liver.

SCORE™, the Surgical Council on Resident Education, classified open and laparoscopic liver biopsy as “ESSENTIAL COMMON” procedures.

STEPS IN PROCEDURE

Liver Biopsy (Open or Laparoscopic)

Wedge biopsy



  • Identify area on free edge of liver


  • Place two sutures of 2-0 Chromic in such a fashion as to outline a triangle


  • Excise the tissue between the sutures


  • Attain hemostasis with electrocautery


  • Place apex suture if necessary

Needle biopsy



  • Choose entry site (on free edge if possible)


  • Insert needle and fire it


  • Take several biopsies through same entry site, angling the needle in different directions


  • Attain hemostasis with electrocautery


  • Place figure-of-eight suture across entry site if necessary

Forceps biopsy



  • Press forceps, with jaws open, against the lesion


  • Close the jaws and remove the biopsy


  • Attain hemostasis with electrocautery

LIST OF STRUCTURES

Liver



  • Left lobe



    • Segments I, II, III, and IV


  • Right lobe



    • Segments V, VI, VII, and VIII


  • Falciform ligament


  • Ligamentum teres

HALLMARK ANATOMIC COMPLICATIONS



  • Bleeding


Open Wedge and Needle Biopsy of the Liver (Fig. 81.1)


Technical and Anatomic Points

Carefully note the site of the biopsy, using a standard nomenclature for liver segments (see Chapter 82 for a thorough discussion of liver segments). At a minimum, document which lobe (right or left) and whether the abnormality is isolated, one of many similar nodules, or generalized. Clearly, if there is a focal abnormality, the biopsy should include part or all of that abnormality. For a generalized process, such as hepatic cirrhosis, liver biopsy is most easily performed at the free edge of the left or right lobe. If any obvious abnormalities are present, however, obtain the biopsy specimen from the affected area. If there are no visible or palpable masses, the free edge of the right lobe, away from any areas that may have been damaged in the course of dissection or by placement of retractors, should be selected. This area is selected because it is generally representative and easy to approach. It is relatively to get hemostasis with sutures if persistent bleeding is encountered.


Wedge Biopsy

The wedge biopsy technique provides a generous amount of tissue, but is limited in depth. To perform this procedure, place two sutures of 2-0 chromic in such a way as to outline a triangle. The sutures should overlap at the apex of the triangle for complete hemostasis.

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Sep 14, 2016 | Posted by in GENERAL SURGERY | Comments Off on Liver Biopsy—Open and Laparoscopic

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