This section is organized into two parts: The extrahepatic biliary tract (and liver) and the pancreas. Within each part, simple procedures are described first, followed by a discussion of more complex procedures. The extrahepatic biliary tract is introduced in Chapters 72 and 73, which are devoted to cholecystectomy, bile duct exploration, and liver biopsy. Both open and laparoscopic cholecystectomies are described. Operations to bypass an obstructed bile duct by direct anastomosis to the gut, either by anastomosis to the duodenum (choledochoduodenostomy) or to a defunctionalized loop of jejunum (choledochojejunostomy) are then detailed (Chapters 75 to 77). A related procedure—transduodenal sphincteroplasty (Chapters 78 and 79e)—illustrates the anatomy of the ampulla of Vater. More complex procedures that demonstrate the anatomy of the portal venous system (Chapter 80) and liver (Chapters 81 and 82) are then presented.