Although not strictly operative procedures, laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are frequently performed by surgeons. Endotracheal intubation is considered an ESSENTIAL COMMON technique by SCORE, the Surgical Committee on Resident Education. Mirror laryngoscopy is essentially unchanged since Czermark’s description in 1865 and Kirstein’s technique for direct laryngoscopy in 1895. Newer video technology has improved the safety of endotracheal intubation; nevertheless, both techniques continue to demand respect for the complex anatomy of this region and the ability to obtain a secure airway.