The pectoral region is described in this section. Structures of importance for venous access include the subclavian and cephalic veins. The approach to the axillary artery is described in Section III (The Upper Extremity), Chapter 35 (Axillobifemoral Bypass). The breast and axilla are included in this section, along with operative descriptions of breast biopsy, mastectomy, and axillary node biopsy, dissection, and sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer.