Diagnostic Testing
A slightly more detailed screening instrument for depression is the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The questions that are included in this instrument are shown in Table 10-2. The nine-item…
Health Disparities
Figure 6-1. Definition of health disparities in health care. (Reproduced with permission from Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, eds. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare. Washington,…
Cohort Studies
Figure 8-1. Schematic diagram of a cohort study of the relationship between low social integration (unexposed) and risk of suicide. The shaded areas represent the unexposed persons (those with low…
Quality of Care
Translating Evidence into Medical Practice Quality of Care 15 David J. Ballard, Briget da Graca, and David Nicewander HEALTH SCENARIO Mrs. E., a 69-year-old, Spanish-only-speaking Hispanic woman with a history…
Quantitative Systematic Review
Figure 14-1. Flow chart showing inclusion/exclusion of studies in the off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) meta-analysis.*Sensitivity analyses that included the studies excluded because they were limited…
Variations in Care
Figure 16-1. County-level risk-standardized 30-day heart failure readmission rates (%) in Medicare patients by performance quintile for July 2009 to June 2012. (Data from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services;…
Implementation Science
Figure 17-1. National immunization survey of teens, United States, 2006 to 2013. ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; HPV, human papillomavirus; MenACYW, meningococcal conjugate; Tdap, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid,…
Clinical Trials
Collecting Evidence for Medical Practice Clinical Trials 7 Valerie L. Durkalski-Mauldin and Kathleen T. Brady HEALTH SCENARIO Stroke is a potentially debilitating medical event that affects approximately 800,000 people in…
Case-Control Studies
Figure 9-1. Illustration of the design of a case-control study. Shaded areas represent exposed persons, and unshaded areas represent unexposed persons. The general design of a case-control study shown in…
Social Determinants of Health
Figure 5-1. Linear relationship between job grade and mortality. CHD, congestive heart disease. (Reproduced with permission from Marmot MG, Rose G, Shipley M, Hamilton PJ. Employment grade and coronary heart…
