Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic LiverAutopsy specimen shows a large, central mass with small satellite tumor nodules . The latter may represent intrahepatic spread due to vascular invasion or independent primaries….
May affect large bile ducts (both intra- and extrahepatic), small bile ducts, or both Etiology/Pathogenesis • Unknown etiology Frequent association with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly ulcerative colitis Clinical Issues • Predilection for…
Comprises 85-90% of all pancreatic neoplasms Clinical Issues • Most cases unresectable at presentation • Nonspecific symptoms often mean delay in diagnosis Macroscopic • Majority in head of pancreas • Poorly defined, firm mass…
May or may not include pylorus, depending on whether it was pylorus-sparing procedure • Ampulla of Vater • Common bile duct • Pancreas Anatomic Orientation • Duodenum Free proximal end usually shorter than free…
Pure fetal epithelial histology is associated with favorable prognosis Embryonal and fetal epithelial patterns often seen together Macrotrabecular is composed of fetal or embryonal type cells in wide trabeculae Small…
May regress after withdrawal of oral contraceptives • Associated with obesity or ethanol use Clinical Issues • Typically in women of reproductive age Noncirrhotic background liver • Symptoms Abdominal pain; acute, intermittent, or…
Low-grade dysplastic nodules (LGDNs) resemble RN morphologically but are clonal • High-grade dysplastic nodules (HGDNs): Preneoplastic lesion; likely precursor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Macroscopic • > 1 cm but usually < 3…
Well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm (WDNEN): Grades 1 and 2 Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PDNC): Grade 3 – Small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Clinical Issues • WDNEN: All tumors have potential to…
Classified as main duct, combined, or branch duct type Clinical Issues • 20-50% of resected cystic pancreatic tumors Incidence increasing due to increased incidental detection on imaging for other reasons • Most…
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and CP may coexist Microscopic • Fibrosis and chronic inflammation Variable extent and distribution of fibrosis Irregular atrophy and obliteration of pancreatic acini and ducts Retention of normal lobular…
