Humerus Fractures

21 Humerus Fractures



Anatomy of the Humerus



image

Humerus and Pectoral Girdle


image

Shoulder Joint and Ligaments



Humerus



• Parts and landmarks: head, greater tubercle (tuberosity), lesser tubercle, intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove), anatomical neck, surgical neck, deltoid tuberosity, radial groove, medial supracondylar ridge and epicondyle, lateral supracondylar ridge and epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum


Glenohumeral Joint



• Shallow, synovial ball-and-socket joint

• Supported by musculotendinous rotator cuff, composed of subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor fibers and tendons

• Fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum effectively deepens glenoid fossa.

• Complex subdeltoid and subacromial bursae can communicate (pathologically) with joint cavity.

• Long tendon of biceps (long head) passes in a synovial tunnel through the superior joint capsule to a supraglenoid tubercle insertion.


Elbow Joint



• Distal humerus can be viewed as having diverging medial and lateral columns, with functionally independent joints.
image Trochlea
image Termination of medial column

image Articulates with ulna: flexion and extension

image Capitulum
image Termination of lateral column

image Articulates with radius: rotation

• See also “Elbow Joint” in Chapter 22, Forearm Fractures

image

Arm: Serial Cross Sections



Compartments of the Arm



• Upper arm
image Lateral (deltoid, abductor): axillary nerve

image Anterior (biceps, flexor): musculocutaneous nerve

image Posterior (triceps, extensor): radial nerve

• Lower arm: anterior (biceps) and posterior (triceps)

• External investing brachial fascia is relatively tough.

• Brachial plexus and its nerves lie medially, between superior anterior and posterior compartments.


Vessels and Nerves



image

Arm: Brachial Artery and Anastomoses



Arterial Supply



• Subclavian artery provides numerous branches, forming anastomoses around scapula, glenohumeral joint, and proximal humerus.
image Dorsal scapular artery runs from base of neck along vertebral border of scapula.

image Suprascapular artery
image From mid-subclavian to scapula above transverse scapular ligament, above suprascapular notch

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  3. Pelvic Fractures
  4. Liver Diseases

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Aug 12, 2016 | Posted by in ANATOMY | Comments Off on Humerus Fractures

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