BIOCHEMISTRY

Structure of the Nucleic Acids

Aug 7, 2022 by in BIOCHEMISTRY Comments Off on Structure of the Nucleic Acids

11 Structure of the Nucleic Acids Nucleotides in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleotides are the monomeric units of the nucleic acids, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic…

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Regulation of Enzymes

Aug 7, 2022 by in BIOCHEMISTRY Comments Off on Regulation of Enzymes

9 Regulation of Enzymes In the human body, thousands of diverse enzymes are regulated to fulfill their individual functions without waste of dietary components. Thus, with changes in our physiologic…

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Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism

Aug 7, 2022 by in BIOCHEMISTRY Comments Off on Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism

39 Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Purines and pyrimidines are required for synthesizing nucleotides and nucleic acids. These molecules can be synthesized either from scratch, de novo, or salvaged from existing…

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Cellular Bioenergetics: Adenosine Triphosphate and O2

Aug 7, 2022 by in BIOCHEMISTRY Comments Off on Cellular Bioenergetics: Adenosine Triphosphate and O2

20 Cellular Bioenergetics: Adenosine Triphosphate and O2 Bioenergetics refers to cellular energy transformations. The Adenosine Triphosphate–Adenosine Diphosphate (ATP–ADP) Cycle. In cells, the available free energy of fuels is transformed into…

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Enzymes as Catalysts

Aug 7, 2022 by in BIOCHEMISTRY Comments Off on Enzymes as Catalysts

8 Enzymes as Catalysts Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts, which are compounds that increase the rate of chemical reactions (Fig. 8.1). Enzyme catalysts bind reactants (substrates), convert them…

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Oxygen Toxicity and Free-Radical Injury

Aug 7, 2022 by in BIOCHEMISTRY Comments Off on Oxygen Toxicity and Free-Radical Injury

25 Oxygen Toxicity and Free-Radical Injury O2 is both essential to human life and toxic. We are dependent on O2 for oxidation reactions in the pathways of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)…

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